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進化の革新を促す 非遺伝的変異をコードする 変異の不安定化

Katherine L Petrie1,2, Nathan D Palmer3, Daniel T Johnson3

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kpetrie@ucsd.edu jrmeyer@ucsd.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 31, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

バクテリオファージ・ラムダのJ遺伝子の変異により,その受容体結合が変化することで,新しい宿主に感染することができます. これはタンパク質の変異が 新しい機能を可能にすることで 進化の革新を促す方法を示しています

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科学分野:

  • 進化生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • ウイルス学

背景:

  • 進化的革新はしばしば遺伝子再利用から生じるが,その背後にあるメカニズムについては議論されている.
  • バクテリオファージ・ラムダ (λ) は宿主認識のためにそのJタンパク質を利用し,Lamb受容体と結合する.

研究 の 目的:

  • バクテリオファージ・ラムダの宿主認識遺伝子Jが新しい機能を進化させるメカニズムを調査する.
  • 遺伝子Jの変異が新しい受容体への適応をいかに促進するか探求する.

主な方法:

  • バクテリオファージ・ラムダの J 遺伝子の変異を特定する
  • 変異ファグのネイティブ (LamB) および新しい (OmpF) 受容体への吸収を評価する.
  • Jタンパク質とファグ粒子に対する変異の構造的および機能的影響を分析する.

主要な成果:

  • 遺伝子Jの変異は,ネイティブのLambB受容体への吸収を強化し,OmpF受容体への結合を可能にします.
  • これらの変異はファグのラムダ粒子を不安定化し,Jタンパク質の構成性バイスタビリティを誘導する.
  • このビスタビリティは,それぞれ異なる受容体に適応した複数のフェノタイプを持つ子孫ファグを生成する.

結論:

  • 非遺伝的タンパク質の変異は,形状のバイスタビリティのようなメカニズムを通して,進化的イノベーションを触媒化することができます.
  • 複数の表型を現す単一の遺伝子型は,進化の共通の原動力である可能性があります.
  • この研究は,ウイルスが新しい宿主範囲にどのように適応し進化するかを理解するためのモデルを提供します.