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Electro-mechanical Systems01:19

Electro-mechanical Systems

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Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
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Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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低損失プラズモンの電光調節器

Christian Haffner1, Daniel Chelladurai2, Yuriy Fedoryshyn2

  • 1ETH Zurich, Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), Zurich, Switzerland. haffnerc@ethz.ch.

Nature
|April 27, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者はプラズモンの損失を バイパスし,共振スイッチングを用いて より速く,より小さな光学装置を可能にしました この画期的な発見は 感知と通信における プラズモニクスの大きな障害を克服しました

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科学分野:

  • プラズモニック
  • ナノフォトニクス
  • 光学装置の工学

背景:

  • プラズモニクスは,金属表面上の電子の動きと光物質の相互作用の研究であり,長らくサブ波長光学装置を狙っていました.
  • 電子の動きによるオームの損失は熱を生成し,センサーと情報技術におけるプラズモンの応用を制限する.
  • プラズモニクスには 損失が大きすぎると考えられていました

研究 の 目的:

  • プラズモニックデバイスのオーム損失の限界を克服するために
  • プラズモニックシステムでの熱生成を回避するための新しい方法を実証する.
  • 先進的なアプリケーションのための実用的な亜波長光学装置を実現する.

主な方法:

  • 負面な表面のプラズモンのポラリトンへの光結合を制御するために"共振スイッチ"を導入した.
  • "オン"状態 (共鳴外) の光結合を防ぐために破壊的干渉を利用した.
  • このアプローチを検証するためにプラズモンの電気光学リング変調器を製造し,テストした.

主要な成果:

  • 音響スイッチを通してオームの損失を回避することが示されています.
  • サブピコ秒のスイッチングでオンとオフ状態の間の大きな絶滅比を達成しました.
  • 実験的検証により,チップ内での光学損失が低く,高速動作 (> 100 GHz),エネルギー効率,および熱安定性が確認されました.

結論:

  • プラズモニックは,損失を軽減することによって,高性能アプリケーションに実用的です.
  • 共振スイッチング技術は,高速でコンパクトなオンチップセンサーと通信技術の開発を可能にします.
  • この研究は,プラズモニクスを将来の情報とセンシングプラットフォームに統合するための新しい道を開きます.