Cohesin Extrusionのエネルギーと生理学的影響について
Laura Vian1, Aleksandra Pękowska1, Suhas S P Rao2
1Lymphocyte Nuclear Biology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cell
|May 1, 2018
まとめ
ゲノムアーキテクチャはコヘシン流出に依存し,これは初めて in vivo で可視化されたプロセスです. この研究で明らかになったのは
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 分子生物学
- エピジェネティクス
背景:
- コヘシン挤出は哺乳類のゲノム構造の提案されたメカニズムです.
- 生体内での可視化とコヘシン挤出の機能的な影響は,ほとんど不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 生体内でのコヘシン挤出を視覚化し,そのエネルギー要求を決定する.
- ゲノム構造の形成と維持におけるコヘシン流出の役割を調査する.
- コヘシン媒介のループとアーキテクチャのストライプの機能的意味を探求する.
主な方法:
- ゲノム構造を分析する 超深層のHi-C配列解析
- コヘシン ATP 酵素の必要性を研究するために ATP 枯渇を伴う実験.
- CTCF独立のループとアーキテクチャストライプの分析.
- 規則的DNA要素とのストライプ相互作用と,その転写と再結合における役割の調査.
主要な成果:
- ループドメインは,コヘシンATPアゼを必要とするプロセスを経て形成されるが,エネルギー投入なしに維持される.
- ATPの枯渇は,多数のCTCF独立したループの形成につながります.
- 架空のストライプで ループアンカーをドメイン全体に繋ぎ 超強化器をプロモーターに繋ぎます
- ストライプはB細胞におけるIghの転写と再結合を促進し,がんにおける腫瘍遺伝子を抑制することができる.
- ストライプアンカーは染色体転位に関連したトポイソメラーゼ媒介の病変のホットスポットです.
結論:
- ループ形成にはコヘシン流出が不可欠ですが,維持にはATPが必要です.
- CTCFから独立したループは,ATPが枯渇した条件下で出現し,代替規制メカニズムを強調します.
- 建築上のストライプは遺伝子調節において重要な役割を果たし 癌の発生にも関わっています
- 高等な生物は,腫瘍生成に影響を及ぼし,転写と再結合を強化するためにコヘシン挤出を進化させた可能性がある.
関連する概念動画
Cohesins
5.7K
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of...
5.7K
Energetics of Solution Formation
7.5K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
7.5K
Impact of Groups on Groups
258
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
258
Impact
512
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
512
Physiological Barriers
5.3K
Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...
5.3K
The Physiology of Taste
7.9K
The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
7.9K


