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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.6K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
32.6K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.2K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
5.2K
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.1K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.1K
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

65.7K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
65.7K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

21.7K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts
10:19

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Published on: June 8, 2010

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幹細胞のみから生成された芽細胞のような構造

Nicolas C Rivron1,2, Javier Frias-Aldeguer3,4, Erik J Vrij3

  • 1MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. n.rivron@hubrecht.eu.

Nature
|May 4, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

早期の哺乳類の胚の発達には,トロフェクトダームと胚細胞が含まれています. In vitroでは,これらの細胞はブラストオイドを形成し,ブラストシストを模倣し,トロフェクトドームの発達とインプラントに不可欠な胚誘導を明らかにします.

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Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
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Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification

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Author Spotlight: Simple and Efficient Neural Retina Organoid Production for Disease Modeling
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Author Spotlight: Simple and Efficient Neural Retina Organoid Production for Disease Modeling

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts
10:19

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

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Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学
  • 幹細胞生物学
  • 哺乳類の胚形成

背景:

  • 初期の哺乳類の胚であるブラストシストは,トロフェクトダームと胚細胞で構成され,すべての胚および胚外組織を形成する.
  • トロフォブラスト幹細胞と胚性幹細胞は,これらのコンパートメントの in vitro アナログである.
  • 細胞同士の相互作用を理解することは 胚の早期発達の鍵です

研究 の 目的:

  • トロフォブラストと胚性幹細胞の相互作用を in vitro で調査する.
  • 協働する細胞によって形成される構造を特徴づけるため ブラストイドと呼ばれる
  • トロフェクトダームの発達を調節する胚誘導信号を解明する.

主な方法:

  • マウスのブラストシストからトロフォブラストと胚性幹細胞の配列を導出.
  • これらの細胞の共同培養により,ブラストイドが形成されます.
  • 単細胞トランスクリプトミクスと細胞区間の遺伝的/物理的な解離.
  • 生体内インプラント化と決定化試験

主要な成果:

  • トロフォブラストと胚性幹細胞は協力し合って ブラストオイドを形成し マウスのブラストシストに似ています
  • 胚細胞は,BMP4/Nodal-KLF6軸経由で増殖と形態変異を含むトロフェクトダームの発達を誘導するシグナルを提供します.
  • ブラストオイドは,トロフェクトダームの機能,インプラント化,および決定化に不可欠な広範な胚誘導を明らかにします.

結論:

  • 胚の誘導は 機能的なトロフェクトダームの形成に不可欠です
  • 新生胚は trofhectoderm の発達と植え付けを積極的にサポートする.
  • ブラストイドは,初期の胚細胞相互作用とシグナル伝達経路の研究のモデルとして機能する.