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ドロソフィラの細菌共生体における雄殺毒素
Toshiyuki Harumoto1, Bruno Lemaitre2
1Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. toshiyuki.harumoto@epfl.ch.
Nature
|May 4, 2018
まとめ
スピロプラズマ・プルスノイ菌は 雄の子孫を殺すことで 昆虫の繁殖を操作します 研究者は細菌のタンパク質を特定しました スパイド (Spaid) が宿主をターゲットにすることで 性別別別別の男性を殺害します
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 遺伝学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 昆虫の共生バクテリアは 宿主の繁殖を操作して 自身の伝播を促進します
- スピロプラズマ・プルスノイは,ドロソフィラ種の雄を殺す原因として知られている細菌ですが,そのメカニズムは不明のままです.
- 男性を殺害する分子基盤を理解することは ホスト-シンビオントの相互作用と 繁殖操作を理解するために重要です
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラのスピロプラズマポルソニーによる雄性殺菌の原因となる特定の細菌因子を特定する.
- この因子が性特異的な致死性を媒介するメカニズムを解明する.
- 特定された細菌のタンパク質の機能領域と宿主標的を特徴付ける.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターにおけるスピロプラズマ・プルスニーの候補タンパク質 (Spaid) の発現が宿主の生存に与える影響を評価する.
- スパイドのサブセルラー局所と機能領域 (アンキリンリピート,デウビキチナーゼ領域) の分析.
- 宿主細胞機構,特に男性X染色体の投与補償複合体とのSpaidの相互作用の調査.
- 変異したスピロプラズマポルソニ菌株の特徴 男性を殺す能力が低下した
主要な成果:
- ドロソフィラのスパイドタンパク質の過剰発現は,男性特有の致死性,アポトーシス,神経欠陥を引き起こし,自然感染を反映した.
- Spaidは,男性X染色体の投与量補償機構をターゲットにしているようです.
- スパイド内のアンキリンリピートとデウビキチナゼドメインは,その局所化と活性化に不可欠である.
- 機能的な胞が欠けていた突然変異株は 雄を殺す能力が著しく低下していた.
結論:
- スパイロプラズマ・プルスニーのタンパク質は,ドロソフィラの雄を殺す原因として特定されています.
- スパイドは宿主の性特異的な遺伝子発現に干渉し,おそらく用量補償複合体を介して機能する.
- この発見は,宿主細胞の性特異的ターゲティングを通じて宿主繁殖を操作する新しい細菌のメカニズムを明らかにしています.
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