腸内微生物群に菌株を埋め込むための特別な代謝ニッチ

Elizabeth Stanley Shepherd^1,2, William C DeLoache², Kali M Pruss¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Nature

|May 11, 2018

まとめ

科学者はマウスに特定の細菌を確実に導入し制御するために海洋ポリサッカライドであるポルフィランを使って特別な腸内環境を作り出しましたこの発見は微生物を再プログラムし腸内療法を可能にします

科学分野:

微生物群の研究
腸内微生物生態学
細菌学

背景:

腸内微生物群は人間の健康に不可欠ですが新しい細菌株の導入は予測不可能です
菌株の移植に影響を与える要因を理解することは微生物群の再プログラムにとって鍵となるものです

研究の目的:

腸内における外来細菌株の信頼性の高い移植と制御のための方法を開発する.
微生物コミュニティの構成における栄養素の利用可能性の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

特定の代謝ニッチをマウスに海洋ポリサッカライドポルフィランを使って作りました
ポルフィラン利用のために設計された外来バクテロイド菌株を投与した
ポルフィラン利用遺伝子群をバクテリア株に移した
バクテリアの増殖を抑えるために多様なポルフィランを投与する

主要な成果:

信頼性の高い移植と予測可能な外来株の豊富さは達成されました.
対象となる栄養補助は,既存の株による優先排除を克服し,株の置換を可能にしました.
ポルフィランの投与量を調整することで,数次元の細菌の豊富さを正確に制御しました.
コロニク・クリプトの生態系に新しい株の導入が成功しました

結論:

栄養素の利用可能性は腸内微生物の組成を決定する強力な要因です
このシステムは,複雑な微生物群の中に細菌株を制御して導入し,操作することを可能にします.
この発見は,腸の標的となる細胞ベースの治療戦略の開発に意味を持つ.

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