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01:41Social Traps
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01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
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01:20Evolutionary Psychology
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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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02:12Short-distance Transport of Resources
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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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02:41Lethal Alleles
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Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
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エキゾチックな資源への適応的な進化的反応によって作られた致命的な罠
Michael C Singer1,2, Camille Parmesan3,4,5
1Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK. michael.singer@plymouth.ac.uk.
Nature
|May 11, 2018
まとめ
ネイティブ・バタフライは侵入植物への依存を進化させ,人間の土地管理が変わると絶滅に至った. この生態進化の罠は 導入された種や人間による生態学的変化の リスクを浮き彫りにしています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 進化生物学
- 保護生物学
背景:
- ヒトが導入した生物は 原生種の新たな資源を生み出し 時には適応不良を招くこともあります
- 先住民族の昆虫は かつて 毒性の高い異国植物に捕まり 死に至りました
- この研究では,異国産の資源に高度な適応が 適応不良を引き起こすという 新しい"生態進化の罠"を調査しています
研究 の 目的:
- 蝶エウフィドリアス・エディタと 侵入植物プランタゴ・ランセオラタを巻き込んだ 新しい生態進化の罠を記録し分析する
- 人類の土地管理の影響で 異国の資源への依存が 人口の減少に繋がる様子を調査する.
- 進化の軌跡と生態学的成果の形成における人間の活動の役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- エウフィドリアス・エディサの集団とその宿主植物の長期的な生態学的監視
- 蝶と植物の相互作用と土地管理に関する過去のデータの分析
- 宿主植物への反応として蝶の行動,幼虫の生存率,および発達率に関する観察研究.
主要な成果:
- エウフィドリアス・エディサの個体群は 侵襲的なプランタゴ・ランセオラタに強い好みを向けて 寄生地のコリンシア・パルビフローラを捨てた.
- このシフトにより,最初は幼虫の生存率が高くなったが,発達率は低下した.
- 牛の放牧 (人間による土地管理) の変化により,草の成長が増加し,プランタゴが遮断され,蝶の個体群が局所的に絶滅した.
- コリンシアのみを食べる蝶による再定植は システムをリセットし 繰り返されるサイクルの可能性を示します
結論:
- この研究は人間による環境変化と 種の相互作用によって引き起こされる 新しい生態進化の罠を示しています
- 土地管理の変化に先住民族の種を 脆弱にすることがあります
- 人口減少を防ぐために,進化,導入種,人類による影響のダイナミックな相互作用を考慮する必要があります.