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関連する概念動画

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

3.5K
Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
3.5K
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

1.7K
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
1.7K
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

1.4K
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
1.4K
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

31.0K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

13.4K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
13.4K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons01:03

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons

4.2K
Protons in identical electronic environments within a molecule are chemically equivalent and have the same chemical shift. The replacement test is a useful tool to identify chemical equivalence and predict NMR spectra. A substituent replaces each of the protons being examined and the resulting molecules are compared. If the same molecule is obtained, the protons are equivalent or homotopic. Replacement of any hydrogens in ethane by chlorine yields chloroethane because all six protons are...
4.2K

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Fragmenting Bulk Hydrogels and Processing into Granular Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
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陽子伝達ヒドロゲル:汎用性と応用

JiHyeon Hwang1, Dong G Lee1, Hyunki Yeo1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , Seoul , 02841 , South Korea.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 17, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,調節可能な水素ガスを生成するための多用途のチオールエポキシードポリメリゼーションを提示します. これらの適応性のある水素ゲルは生物互換性があり,抗菌性のために改造され,幅広い応用可能性を示しています.

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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
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科学分野:

  • ポリマー化学
  • 材料科学
  • バイオ材料工学

背景:

  • ハイドロゲルは様々な用途を持つ 重要なバイオマテリアルです
  • 適応可能で調整可能なヒドロゲル合成方法の開発は,高度な材料設計に不可欠です.
  • 既存の方法は,ポリメリゼーション条件,前駆体,または合成後の改変において汎用性が欠けている可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 多用途のヒドロゲル合成方法として,チオールとエポキシドのプロトン転送ポリメリゼーションを実証する.
  • 先駆体選択とポリメリゼーション条件を通して,水凝土の特性を探求する.
  • 抗菌性を含む機能化の可能性と,その結果生じる材料特性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • チオールとエポキシドの機能群の間のプロトン転送ポリメリゼーションを使用した.
  • 様々なポリメリゼーション触媒 (有機/無機) と媒介 (水,バッファー,有機溶剤) を研究した.
  • 異なる凝固トリガーを調査した:環境条件,37 °C,光 (光化学).
  • ナノインプリントリトグラフィーを用いて パターン付きフィルムを制作した.
  • チオエーテル群を機能化して,ケチオン構造を作り出す.

主要な成果:

  • 異なる条件下でチオルエポキシドポリメリゼーションによって適応可能な水素ゲル合成を達成した.
  • 水分吸収,機械,生物分解性の性質が,前駆体と条件の選択によって実証されている.
  • 環境と光化学的方法を使用して,独立したパターンの厚いフィルムを成功裏に生産しました.
  • サルフォニウムベースのカチオン構造へのゲル化後の機能化により,抗菌ヒドロゲルを作成した.
  • 癌細胞のクラスター形成を促進する原始ゲルの生物適合性と非粘着性が見られた.

結論:

  • シアールとエポキシドのプロトン転送ポリメリゼーションは,ヒドロゲル合成の高度に適応可能で有用な方法である.
  • この方法は,ヒドロゲルの特性を正確に制御し,抗菌活動などの特定の機能の導入を可能にします.
  • バイオコンパティブルで調節可能なヒドロゲルは 組織工学や薬剤投与を含む様々な生物医学的な応用に 期待されています