Mxra8は複数の関節性アルファウイルスに対する受容体である
Rong Zhang1, Arthur S Kim1,2, Julie M Fox1
1Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Nature
|May 18, 2018
まとめ
研究者らは,Mxra8を,関節性アルファウイルスの侵入における主要な宿主因子として特定した. Mxra8をブロックする抗体や融合タンパク質を標的とした治療は,細胞培養やマウスモデルにおけるウイルス感染と疾患症状を減少させた.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 免疫学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- アルトリトゲン性アルファウイルスは,ヒトにおいて重要な運動器官疾患を引き起こします.
- アルファウイルスの細胞への侵入を媒介する宿主因は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- アルファウイルスの細胞への侵入に不可欠な宿主因子を特定する.
- アルファウイルス感染症に対する潜在的な治療標的としてMxra8を評価する.
主な方法:
- ゲノム全体のCRISPR-Cas9スクリーニングにより,宿主への侵入因子を特定します.
- 哺乳類の細胞におけるMxra8の遺伝子編集 (ノックアウトと子宮外発現).
- Mxra8- Fc融合タンパク質とモノクローン抗体を用いたインビトロ結合測定と感染阻害試験.
- 治療効果を評価するためにマウスモデルでのin vivo試験.
主要な成果:
- Mxra8は複数の関節性アルファウイルスの侵入の重要なメディエーターとして特定されました.
- Mxra8はウイルスの粒子に直接結合し,ウイルスの結合と内化を促進します.
- Mxra8の機能を阻害すると,ヒトの様々な細胞型とマウスのウイルス感染が著しく減少した.
- Mxra8を標的とした治療は,ウイルス負荷を低下させ,体内の疾患症状を弱めた.
結論:
- Mxra8は,関節性アルファウイルスの重要な宿主細胞受容体です.
- Mxra8を標的とした治療は,チクングンヤ,ロス・リバー,マヤロ,オニョン・ニョンウイルスによる感染と戦うための有望な治療戦略です.
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