フィロゲノミクスは,窒素を固定する根のノードル共生の複数の損失を明らかにする
Maximilian Griesmann1,2, Yue Chang3,4, Xin Liu3,4
1Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Strasse 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
まとめ
植物根ノードル共生は窒素の固定と食物にとって極めて重要です. この研究では 複数の独立した遺伝子の喪失が 花の植物の散らばった発生を引き起こしたことが分かりました
科学分野:
- 植物生物学
- ゲノミクス
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 根の結節と窒素を固定するバクテリアの共生は,世界の窒素循環と農業に不可欠です.
- この共生は,特定の開花植物群内の限られた数の植物系で見つかります.
- 散らばった分布は その存在や欠如に影響を及ぼす 遺伝的要因を暗示しています
研究 の 目的:
- 根の結節の共生が限られ,分散している遺伝的根拠を調査する.
- この重要な植物と微生物の相互作用の 進化史と遺伝子調節を調べる
主な方法:
- ノードル共生に関与する10の多様な植物種のゲノム配列決定
- 37種の植物のゲノム解析を比較し,その中には結節菌と結節菌でない親類類も含まれている.
- 重要な共生遺伝子の機能喪失変異の特定
主要な成果:
- 主要な共生レギュラーであるNUDULE INCEPTION (NIC) 遺伝子の複数の独立した機能喪失が確認されました.
- 研究対象の13種のうち10種で 遺伝子の喪失が確認されました
- 発見は,より広い歴史的分布と,この共生に対する有意な選択を示しています.
結論:
- 窒素を固定する根ノードル共生の分散分布は,複数の独立した遺伝子損失によって形成されます.
- 欠かせない共生レギュレータ NODULE INCEPTIONは,この特性の進化において重要な役割を果たしています.
- 植物におけるこの共生の確立や維持に 影響を及ぼす進化的圧力は過小評価されています
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