水生生物と陸生生物の都市コミュニティにおける体格の変化
Thomas Merckx1, Caroline Souffreau2, Aurélien Kaiser3
1Behavioural Ecology and Conservation Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. th.merckx@gmail.com.
Nature
|May 26, 2018
まとめ
都市部環境では 暑さにより動物体のサイズが小さくなりますが 生息地の断片化により 大きくて移動性の高い種が好まれる可能性があります これは 都市化が野生生物の体積や分布に及ぼす 異なった影響を強調しています 都市化,体型,生息地の断片化,分散,都市熱島
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 都市生態学
- コミュニティエコロジー
背景:
- 身体の大きさは 代謝率,生命の歴史,生態学的相互作用に 根本的な役割を果たします
- 都市化がもたらす独特の環境的圧力には 都市熱島効果や生息地の断片化などが含まれる.
- これらの圧力は,コミュニティレベルでの体格分布に影響を及ぼすと仮定されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 都市化が動物の体格に与える影響を調査する.
- 都市部の熱島と生息地の断片化が 体のサイズに与える影響を区別する.
- これらの効果を媒介する種の分散能力の役割を探求する.
主な方法:
- 10つの動物分類群にわたる複製された空間的に組み合わされたサンプリングデザインを使用した.
- 都市化グラデーションに沿ったデータを分析し,生息地タイプと気温の変動を考慮した.
- 体の大きさ,分散能力,そしてコミュニティの組成の関係を調べました.
主要な成果:
- 都市部では 種体サイズが小さくなっています
- 都市部温暖化は4つの分類でコミュニティの平均体重の減少と関連していました.
- しかし3つの分類は,サイズと分散の間のポジティブな共変量に関連して,生息地の断片化効果を軽減する,より大きな体サイズへのシフトを示しました.
結論:
- 都市部の熱島と生息地の断片化により コミュニティの体格が変化します
- より小さな体型への一般的傾向は,より大きく,より移動性の高い種を断片化された風景で選択することで無効化することができます.
- 都市生態系の構造,機能,ネットワークのダイナミクスに 影響を及ぼします
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