腸内微生物群による胆酸代謝はNKT細胞を通して肝がんを調節する
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

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Chi Ma1, Miaojun Han1, Bernd Heinrich1
1Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
まとめ
ネズミの腸内細菌を改変すると 肝臓の抗腫瘍免疫が自然キラーT細胞 (NKT) を増やすことで強化された. 胆汁酸が媒介する この微生物群による効果は 肝がんの予防と治療に 新たな戦略を提示します
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
- ヘパトロジー
背景:
- 主要な肝臓腫瘍と転移は癌による死亡の主な原因です.
- 肝臓の抗腫瘍免疫における腸内細菌の役割は十分に理解されていません.
- コメンサル細菌は全身抗腫瘍免疫のレギュレータとして知られています.
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内共生細菌が 肝臓の抗腫瘍免疫に 与える影響を調査する
- 腸内細菌が肝臓腫瘍の監視に 影響するメカニズムを探るため
- マイクロバイオームと宿主との相互作用に基づいて,肝がんの潜在的治療標的を特定する.
主な方法:
- マウスモデルにおける腸内細菌の調節
- 肝臓の免疫細胞集団の分析,特に自然殺傷性T細胞 (NKT) の分析
- インターフェロンγの産生を測定する.
- 肝臓のシヌソイド内皮細胞におけるCXCL16発現の調査
- 胆酸代謝の評価と腸内微生物との関連
主要な成果:
- 腸内細菌の変異により,マウスの肝臓に抗腫瘍効果が誘発された.
- 肝臓のCXCR6+自然キラーT細胞とインターフェロンγの産生が増加した.
- NKT細胞は肝臓選択的腫瘍抑制を媒介することが判明した.
- 腸内微生物群が制御する胆酸変換は,肝臓内皮細胞のCXCL16経由でNKT細胞の蓄積を調節した.
結論:
- 腸内細菌は肝臓の腫瘍に対する 免疫監視において重要な役割を果たします
- 腸内微生物によって影響される胆酸代謝は肝臓の免疫の重要な調節因子です
- 腸内微生物と胆酸経路をターゲットにすることで 肝臓がん治療の新たな戦略が生まれます
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