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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
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Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells From Human Prostate Cancer Samples
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Published on: March 14, 2014

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前立腺がんのスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明

, David C Grossman1, Susan J Curry2

  • 1Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle.

JAMA
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

前立腺特異抗原 (PSA) 検査を用いた前立腺がんのスクリーニングは,55歳から69歳の男性にとってわずかな利益をもたらし,個人の決定を必要とします. 70歳以上の男性には,より重度の有害性があるため,スクリーニングは推奨されません.

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科学分野:

  • 泌尿器科
  • 予防 医療
  • 腫瘍学

背景:

  • 前立腺がんは アメリカでは13%の男性に 罹患しており 生涯の死亡率は2.5%です
  • 多くの前立腺がんは無症状で,スクリーニングで検出されます.
  • アフリカ系アメリカ人男性や 血行病歴のある男性では リスクが高くなります

研究 の 目的:

  • 前立腺がんのPSAベースのスクリーニングに関する2012年の米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) の勧告を更新する.
  • PSAスクリーニングとその後の治療の利害を評価する.
  • リスクの高いサブ集団でのスクリーニングを分析する.

主な方法:

  • USPSTFはPSAスクリーニングの利益と害に関する証拠を検証した.
  • 意思決定分析モデルと過剰診断率のレビュー
  • 高齢の男性,アフリカ系アメリカ人,および家族歴のある者のスクリーニングを調査した.

主要な成果:

  • 男性55~69年のPSAスクリーニングは13年間で1000人に1. 3人の死亡を防ぐことができます.
  • スクリーニングは1000人に3人の転移を防ぐことができます.
  • 害には偽陽性,過剰診断,勃起不全, incontinenceが含まれます. 害は年齢とともに増加します.

結論:

  • 55歳から69歳までの男性では,PSAスクリーニングの決定は個別のもので,不妊症や勃起不全などの害に対する小さな利益のバランスをとります.
  • 臨床医は好みを表さない男性を検診すべきではありません.
  • PSAスクリーニングは,70歳以上の男性には,利益よりも害が大きいため推奨されません.