アストロサイトアクティベーションは,ニューロンのデノボ増強と記憶強化を生成する

Adar Adamsky¹, Adi Kol¹, Tirzah Kreisel¹

¹Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Cell

|May 29, 2018

まとめ

アストロサイトの活性化はシナプスの可塑性を誘発し,記憶を高めるのに十分です. この発見は,アストロサイトが認知機能に重要な役割を果たし,記憶強化治療の新たな機会を提供することを示唆しています.

科学分野:

神経科学
細胞生物学

背景:

神経細胞の一種であるアストロサイトは神経細胞の活動に反応することが知られている.
アストロサイト活動がシナプス可塑性および記憶形成に必要であることが示されています.

研究の目的:

アストロサイト活動がシナプス強化を誘導し,記憶力を高めるのに十分なかどうかを調査する.
認知プロセスにおけるアストロサイトの役割を探求する.

主な方法:

設計薬を使用したCA1アストロサイトにおけるGq結合受容体hM3Dqの化学遺伝的活性化.
アストロサイトの光遺伝的活性化
記憶の割り当てとリコールを測定する in vivo 実験.
ニューロンの直接活性化です

主要な成果:

海馬におけるNMDA依存の長期増強を誘導するのに十分なアストロサイト活性化であった.
生体内では,アストロサイトの活性化により,特に学習と結合すると,記憶の割り当てが強化されました.
学習中の化学遺伝的および光遺伝的アストロサイト活性化の両方が,その後の記憶回復を改善しました.
ニューロンの活動が直接増加すると記憶力が低下します

結論:

アストロサイト活性は,シナプス可塑性を誘発し,記憶を強化するために必要なだけでなく,十分なものです.
アストロサイトをターゲットにすることで認知機能の向上のための新しい治療戦略が提供されるかもしれません

キーワード:

LTP についてオプトXR cFos についてカルシウムイメージング化学遺伝学恐怖の条件付けヒッポカンプスメモリ割り当てミニエーター EPSC オプトジェネティクス

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