人間特異的なNOTCH2NL遺伝子は,デルタ/ノッチ調節によって皮質神経生成を拡大する
Ikuo K Suzuki1, David Gacquer2, Roxane Van Heurck3
1Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; VIB-KULeuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KUL, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Cell
|June 2, 2018
まとめ
人間の脳の進化には 遺伝子の複製が伴いました 研究者らはNOTCH2NLを含む 35のホミニド特異遺伝子を発見し,胎児の脳発達中に神経幹細胞の膨張を促進し,神経細胞の生産を増加させます.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- 神経科学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- ヒトの脳皮質は 最近の人類の進化で 大きく拡大しました
- 人間の脳の発達における遺伝子複製の役割は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の胎児の皮質発達に関与するヒト類特異遺伝子 (HS) を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ニューロゲネシスにおけるHS遺伝子,特にNOTCH2NLの機能を調査する.
主な方法:
- 人間の胎児の皮質における遺伝子発現をプロファイルするために,カスタマイズされたRNAシーケンシング (RNA-seq) を利用した.
- 皮質ニューロゲネシス中のHS遺伝子の空間的および時間的発現パターンを分析した.
主要な成果:
- ヒトの皮質ニューロゲネシス中に動的発現する35のHS遺伝子を特定した.
- NOTCH2NLは,ヒト特有のNOTCH2パラログで,皮質の原始細胞を維持することが判明しました.
- NOTCH2NLは,ノッチ経路の活性化を通じてニューロンの出力を増加させ,先駆者のクローン拡張を促進します.
結論:
- 最近進化した遺伝子の重要なレパートリーは,ヒトの皮質形成の間に活性化しています.
- 人間特有のNOTCH2NLパラログは,神経生成の強化によって人間の脳皮質の拡張に寄与した可能性がある.
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