GLI1 を発現するメゼンキマ細胞は,大腸の幹細胞にとって Wnt を分泌する重要なニッチを形成する
Bahar Degirmenci1, Tomas Valenta2,3, Slavica Dimitrieva4
1Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|June 8, 2018
まとめ
GLI1 を発現する亜皮質間皮質細胞は,大腸の幹細胞再生と腸内ホメオスタシスに不可欠です. 幹細胞の分泌を阻害すると 幹細胞が失われ,上皮が損傷し,ニッチ機能が強調されます.
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科
- 発達生物学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- Wnt-β-カテニンのシグナル伝達は腸内皮質ホメオスタシスと幹細胞再生に不可欠です.
- 小腸では,パネス細胞がWntリガンドを分泌して幹細胞ニッチを形成する.
- 大腸の幹細胞ニッチの細胞成分は ほとんど未定義のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- 幹細胞のニッチを維持する 細胞を特定する
- GLI1 を発現する細胞が結腸と小腸のホメオスタシスに果たす役割を調査する.
- 腸の幹細胞維持を制御するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 大腸と小腸におけるWnt信号伝達と幹細胞再生を研究するためにマウスモデルを使用した.
- Wntの分泌を阻害するGLI1発現細胞の機能を研究した.
- 皮質の整体性と幹細胞の集団に対するWnt信号の障害の影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- GLI1 を発現する亜皮質中皮質細胞は,大腸における重要な幹細胞ニッチとして特定されました.
- GLI1 を発現する細胞からのWnt分泌の抑制は,大腸の幹細胞の喪失と上皮の腐敗を引き起こし,死亡に至った.
- GLI1を発現する細胞は,特に上皮のWnt分泌が損なわれるとき,小腸におけるWntの重要な供給源として機能する.
結論:
- メセンキマルGLI1を発現する細胞は,大腸の幹細胞の維持と全腸の整体性に欠かせません.
- これらの細胞は,腸のWnt信号要求を満たすために数値を調整し,ホメオスタシスのダイナミックな役割を強調します.
- この発見は,腸内の幹細胞のニッチ調節のための新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
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