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火星 の ゲール クレーター の 30 億 年 の 古い 泥石 に 保存 さ れ て いる 有機 物質
Jennifer L Eigenbrode1, Roger E Summons2, Andrew Steele3
1Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. jennifer.l.eigenbrode@nasa.gov.
まとめ
科学者は35億年前の火星の泥石で 保存された有機物質を検出しました この発見は 硫化が有機保存を助長し 古代火星の生命への手がかりを示しています
科学分野:
- 天体生物学
- 惑星科学
- 地化学
背景:
- 火星での有機物質と バイオシグネチャの探査は 進行中です
- 火星の有機物質に関する 過去の報告は限られている.
- 生物の保存を理解することは 過去の居住性を評価する鍵です
研究 の 目的:
- 古代火星の堆積岩の有機物質を検出し特徴づけること
- 火星の有機化合物の保存メカニズムを調査する
- ゲールクレーターで 生物の痕跡を調べるためだ
主な方法:
- キュリオシティローバーのサンプルの分析装置 (SAM) を使った現地分析.
- ピロリシス産物を検出するために進化したガス分析 (EGA)
- 化合物の識別のためのガス染色体質量測定法 (GC-MS).
主要な成果:
- 高温 (500820°C) で放出されるチオフェン,アロマティック,アリファティックを含む多様な有機化合物の検出
- 35億年前のマレー岩の底にある 湖の泥岩で発見された有機物質
- 1グラムあたり少なくとも50ナノモルの有機炭素を定量化し,有機硫黄として約5%である.
結論:
- 有機物質は古代火星の湖の環境で保存されています
- 火星での有機物質の保存には 硫化が重要なメカニズムであるようです
- 検出された有機化合物は,初期の炭素循環と火星の潜在的居住可能性の洞察を提供します.
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