紫外線からの保護は,血液形成ニッチの進化的に保存された特徴です
Friedrich G Kapp1,2,3, Julie R Perlin1,2, Elliott J Hagedorn1,2
1Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|June 15, 2018
まとめ
メラノサイトは紫外線からゼブラフィッシュの血液形成幹細胞と祖先細胞 (HSPCs) を保護する. この保護メカニズムは,種間のHSPCニッチの位置の進化,特に陸上の脊椎動物における骨髄への移行を説明します.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学
- 進化生物学
- 血液学
背景:
- 血液形成幹細胞と原始細胞 (HSPCs) は,その行動を制御する特殊なニッチに存在します.
- これらのニッチの位置は種によって異なるが,哺乳類の骨髄とテレオスト魚の腎臓の髄がある.
- ニッチの位置を決定する 進化の圧力については 明らかになっていません
研究 の 目的:
- 斑馬魚の腎臓髄の上のメラノ細胞の機能を調べるため
- メラノサイトが紫外線 (UV) によるDNA損傷からHSPCを保護するかどうかを判断する.
- ニッチの位置と紫外線保護の進化的意味を理解する.
主な方法:
- 異なる脊椎動物におけるHSPCニッチ位置の比較分析
- 紫外線照射実験をゼブラフィッシュの幼虫に
- サイクロブタンピリミジン二重染色を用いたHSPCにおけるDNA損傷の評価
- cmyb遺伝子発現分析によるHSPC数の定量化
主要な成果:
- メラノサイトは,ゼブラフィッシュの腎臓髄のニッチの上に保護的な"傘"を形成します.
- 紫外線照射はDNA損傷を増加させ,メラノサイトが欠けている色素のないゼブラフィッシュの幼虫のHSPC数を減少させた.
- メラノサイト傘は 進化的に保たれています 海ののような水生脊椎動物です
- HSPCは陸上の脊椎動物の骨髄に移動し,皮質の骨を通して固有のUV保護を提供します.
結論:
- メラノサイトは,水生脊椎動物における紫外線によるDNA損傷からHSPCを保護する.
- 紫外線は,地上の生命への移行中に,HSPCの骨髄への移転に影響を与える進化的圧力として作用した.
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