腸内微生物群に長期にわたる変化を起こす暫定的なオスモス障害

Carolina Tropini¹, Eli Lin Moss², Bryan Douglas Merrill¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell

|June 16, 2018

まとめ

オスモス性下痢は微生物の絶滅や免疫反応を含む持続的な腸内生態系の変化を引き起こします微生物の再導入は腸の回復力を回復し将来の介入に役立つかもしれません

科学分野:

微生物学
免疫学
胃腸内科

背景:

食物不耐症,吸収不良,および薬の使用から生じるオスモス性下痢は一般的です.
腸の生態系がオスモティックストレスに耐える能力は十分に理解されていません

研究の目的:

腸の生態系が浸透性障害に耐えるか調べるためだ
微生物の組成,粘液の障壁,宿主の免疫反応に対する透性ストレスの影響を理解する.

主な方法:

オスモティックな干渉効果を研究するために,モデルホストとしてマウスを利用した.
粘液バリアを評価するために定量画像を用いた.
ホストの免疫マーカー (サイトカイン,IgG) の変化を分析した.
微生物の成長に対するオスモラリティの効果を in vitro で測定した.

主要な成果:

オスモティック・ストレスは豊富に存在する腸類の絶滅と稀な類の拡大をもたらした.
腸内粘液の壁が破壊されその後回復しました
サイトキンの値の一時的な変化と,共生性細菌に対する永続的なIgG反応が観察されました.
オスモラリティの増加は,in vitroでは,共生細菌の増殖を阻害した.

結論:

軽度のオスモス性下痢でさえ腸内微生物群や宿主に持続的な変化をもたらす可能性があります
微生物の再導入は絶滅のリスクを軽減しコミュニティの回復力を高めることができます
この発見は腸内生態系の回復力を高めるための介入策の開発の基礎となる.

キーワード:

PEG について S24-7 について腹免疫監視メタゲノミクス微生物群微生物群オスモスの乱れプロテオミクストランスクリプトミクス

さらに関連する動画

07:54

A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice

Published on: July 25, 2017

14.7K

06:23

Applying Advanced In Vitro Culturing Technology to Study the Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: February 15, 2019

14.9K

関連する概念動画

02:40

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure of Solutions

46.7K

A number of natural and synthetic materials exhibit selective permeation, meaning that only molecules or ions of a certain size, shape, polarity, charge, and so forth, are capable of passing through (permeating) the material. Biological cell membranes provide elegant examples of selective permeation in nature, while dialysis tubing used to remove metabolic wastes from blood is a more simplistic technological example. Regardless of how they may be fabricated, these materials are generally...

46.7K

01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

1.9K

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...

1.9K

01:06

Altered States of Awareness

1.2K

Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain...

1.2K

01:05

Long-term Depression

33.3K

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Depression

Series R—L Circuit Transients

422

In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
Using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to analyze this circuit helps determine the total asymmetrical fault current, which consists...

422

関連する実験動画

腸内微生物群に長期にわたる変化を起こす 暫定的なオスモス障害