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関連する概念動画

Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

149.7K
The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
149.7K
Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

43.8K
Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
43.8K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.5K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
91.5K
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

17.8K
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
17.8K
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

199.9K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
199.9K
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

138.1K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
138.1K

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Author Spotlight: Developing Cost-Effective and Durable Ultrasound-Guided 3D-Printed Nerve Block Trainers
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2次元チャネルを通過する弾道分子輸送

A Keerthi1,2, A K Geim3,4, A Janardanan1

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Nature
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

ナノスケールチャネルを通るガスの輸送は,表面のスペクチュアル分散により摩擦なく,非常に速く,従来のクヌッセン理論に挑戦し,室温で量子効果を明らかにすることができます.

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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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科学分野:

  • ナノスケール科学と工学
  • 表面物理学と化学
  • 量子力学について

背景:

  • ナノスケールの孔を通るガスの浸透は 自然のプロセスと技術にとって極めて重要です
  • クヌッセン理論では,分散分散を前提として,小孔のガス流を慣例的に記述する.
  • 鏡面反射はめったに観測されず,ガスと表面の相互作用の理解が制限されている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 原子的に平らな表面を持つアングストロームスケールチャネルにおけるガス輸送メカニズムを調査する.
  • ガス散乱に対する表面の原子景観と量子効果の影響を調査する.
  • 制御されたガス輸送現象を 量子スケールで実証する

主な方法:

  • グラフェン,ニトリド,モリブデン二酸化物を用いたアングストロームスケールチャネルの製造.
  • これらのチャネルを通してヘリウムと水素/デュテリウムガスの浸透を実験的に測定する.
  • 表面地形と量子力学特性の関係でガス輸送行動の分析.

主要な成果:

  • グラフェンとボロン・ニトリドのチャネルで観測されたスペクチュアルな表面散乱は,弾道的輸送とヘリウム流れを大幅に強化しました.
  • モリブデン二酸化物チャネルは,より大きな表面波紋のためにクヌッセン拡散と一致する,より遅い浸透を示した.
  • 水素/デュテリウムの流れに対する反転の同位体効果が観察され,量子物質の波の寄与を示した.

結論:

  • ナノスケールチャネルでの表面散乱は 空間温度でも 原子の景観と量子効果によって 推し進められるのです
  • 弾道的,摩擦のないガスの輸送は,精密に設計されたチャネルで達成可能である.
  • これらの発見は,原子学的ガス輸送に関する新しい洞察を提供し,量子制御されたナノスケールフローの可能性を開きます.