アフリカにおける空気の質と乳児死亡率の強い関係
Sam Heft-Neal1, Jennifer Burney2, Eran Bendavid3
1Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nature
|June 29, 2018
まとめ
空気の質の悪さ,特に微細粒子 (PM2.5) は,サハラ以南のアフリカの乳児死亡率を大幅に増加させている. PM2.5の曝露をわずかに減らしても 乳児の健康に重大な影響を与える可能性がある.
科学分野:
- 環境 健康
- 流行病学について
- 世界保健
背景:
- 世界的な死亡リスクの推定は 発展途上国のデータに 基づいており 発展途上国の検証は欠けている.
- 開発途上国における環境粒子物質の曝露と死亡率を直接関連付ける証拠は限られている.
- アフリカにおける大気汚染による乳児死亡の世界の負担の推定値は 低評価されているかもしれません
研究 の 目的:
- サハラ以南のアフリカの乳児死亡率に対する環境微粒子 (PM2.5) 曝露の影響を推定する.
- 多様で資源が少ない環境で 既存の被曝反応関係を検証する.
- 地域のPM2.5による幼児死亡の負担を定量化する.
主な方法:
- サハラ以南のアフリカで約100万人の出産を調査した家計調査データと,衛星によるPM2.5曝露の推定値を組み合わせた.
- PM2.5濃度と乳児死亡率との関連を 統計分析を用いた.
- この関連が15年以上に渡って様々な社会経済層にわたって一貫しているかを評価した.
主要な成果:
- PM2.5濃度が10μg/m3上昇すると,乳児死亡率が9%上昇した.
- この関連性は過去15年間で一貫しており,家計の富の影響を受けていません.
- 最低レベルを超えたPM2.5の曝露は,アフリカ30カ国の乳児死亡の22%と関連しており,2015年には合計44万9千人の死亡が推定されています.
結論:
- 環境PM2.5はサハラ以南のアフリカの幼児の生存に重大な脅威をもたらしています
- アフリカの空気の汚染による乳児死亡率の現在の世界規模での推定は,実際の負担を過小評価しているようです.
- アフリカでPM2.5の曝露を減らすことは,多くの他の健康介入の恩恵を上回る,幼児の健康に大きな利益をもたらす可能性があります.
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