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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
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Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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HIV感染者における動脈硬化性心血管疾患の世界的負担:体系的レビューとメタ解析

Anoop S V Shah1,2, Dominik Stelzle3,4, Kuan Ken Lee1

  • 1BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Scotland (A.S.V.S., K.K.L., S.A., S.C., F.S., D.E.N., N.L.M.).

Circulation
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

HIV感染者は心臓血管疾患を発症する可能性が 2倍高いのです HIVに関連した心臓血管疾患の 世界的な負担は 20年間で3倍になり サハラ以南のアフリカとアジア太平洋地域が最も影響されています

キーワード:
HIV ウイルス心血管疾患世界的な病気の負担心筋梗塞ストローク

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科学分野:

  • 流行病学
  • 公衆衛生
  • 心臓病科

背景:

  • 抗レトロウイルス治療の進歩はHIVによる死亡率を 非伝染性疾患,特に心血管疾患に 移行させた.
  • HIVと心血管疾患の関係を理解することは公衆衛生戦略にとって極めて重要です

研究 の 目的:

  • HIV感染と心血管疾患の関連性を調べる
  • HIVに起因する心臓血管疾患の 国内・地域・世界的な負担を推定する.

主な方法:

  • HIVに感染した 79万3千人を対象とした 80件の長期研究を 体系的にレビューし メタ分析したものです
  • 1990年から2015年までの,人口による比率と障害調整寿命 (DALYs) の時間的変化の見積もり
  • HIVに関連した国内DALYは154カ国で得られた.

主要な成果:

  • HIVに感染していない人と比較して,心血管疾患のリスクは2. 16倍でした.
  • HIVに起因する世界的な心血管疾患の負担は著しく増加し,2015年には257万件に達しました.
  • サハラ以南のアフリカとアジア太平洋地域は,最も重荷を負っており,スワジランド,ボツワナ,レソトーでは,人口比率が最も高い.

結論:

  • HIVに感染した人は 心血管疾患のリスクが2倍になります
  • HIVに関連した心臓血管疾患の世界的な負担は 20年間で3倍に増えており 地域差も大きいです
  • 特にサハラ以南のアフリカやアジア太平洋のような 高い負担の地域では ターゲットを絞った介入が必要である.