CRISPRスクリーンは,PARPトラッピング病変の源としてゲノムリボヌクレオチドを識別する
Michal Zimmermann1, Olga Murina2, Martin A M Reijns2
1The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nature
|July 6, 2018
まとめ
ポリアドプリボゼポリメラーゼ (PARP) 阻害剤は効果的ながん治療法である. 新しい研究によると,リボヌクレオチド切除修復の障害は,リボヌクレアースH2欠乏によって引き起こされ,PARPを捕まえるDNAの病変とPARP阻害剤に対する感受性の増加につながります.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学
- 遺伝学
- ガン治療薬
背景:
- BRCA1/ 2欠乏細胞は,ポリアドプリボゼポリメラーゼ (PARP) 阻害剤に敏感であり,同種の再結合欠乏症を標的としたがん治療においてその使用を促している.
- PARP阻害剤の細胞毒性は,不確実な起源のDNA病変における非共性タンパク質- DNA添加物を含むプロセスであるPARPトラッピングと関連しています.
- これらの病変の性質とPARPトラップの細胞上の影響を理解することは,がん治療の最適化に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- CRISPRスクリーンを用いて,PARP阻害体であるオラパリブに対する細胞抵抗性を授与する遺伝子と経路を特定する.
- 特定の遺伝的欠陥を持つ細胞における PARP 阻害剤に対する感受性の基礎となるメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- オラパリブに対する細胞の感受性に影響を与える遺伝子を特定するために3つの全ゲノムCRISPRスクリーンを実施した.
- PARP阻害に対する感受性の増加に関連した遺伝子変異を分析した.
- PARP阻害反応を媒介するリボヌクレアースH2とリボヌクレオチド切除修復の役割を調査した.
主要な成果:
- PARP阻害剤に対する過敏性を引き起こす 73の高信頼性遺伝子を特定した.
- 3つのリボヌクレアース H2 遺伝子の変異が,期待される同種の再結合経路遺伝子を超えて,PARP 阻害に細胞を敏感にすることが発見されました.
- リボヌクレアースH2欠乏細胞におけるリボヌクレオチド切除修復の障害は,PARPトラッピング病変によって過敏症を引き起こすことが確認された.
結論:
- ゲノムに埋め込まれたリボヌクレオチドは,PARPを捕まえるDNA損傷の重要で,以前は評価されていなかった源です.
- リボヌクレオチド切除修復の障害は,ゲノム性リボヌクレオチドの蓄積につながり,トポイソメラーゼ1の基板を形成し,PARPトラップの病変を引き起こす.
- 転移性前立腺がんおよび慢性リンパ球性白血病におけるRNASEH2Bの頻発は,PARP阻害剤の感受性を利用して治療の機会を提供する.
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