古代 の 羊 の ゲノム は,肥沃 な 半月 の 地域 で の モザイク の よう な 家畜 の 存在 を 示し て い ます
Kevin G Daly1, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser1,2, Victoria E Mullin1,3
1Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 7, 2018
まとめ
羊の家畜化は単一の出来事ではなく,近東全域で家畜化された複数の野生の羊の産物であった. これは現代のヤギの遺伝を形作る 早期のヤギ集団を生み出し 牛乳生産のような特性を 早期の人類の選択で示した.
科学分野:
- 古代ゲノム学
- 考古遺伝学
- 動物の家畜化
背景:
- 現在,ヤギの家畜化に関する遺伝的証拠は,単一または複数の起源に関して不確実です.
- 羊の家畜化の起源を理解することは,初期の人間と動物の相互作用と農業の発展を追跡するための鍵です.
研究 の 目的:
- 古代DNAを用いてヤギの遺伝的歴史を調査する.
- 羊の家畜化が単一の出来事だったか 異なる野生の羊の集団から複数回発生したかを判断する.
- 早期のヒトによる家畜ヤギの選択圧力を特定する.
主な方法:
- 古石器時代から中世にかけての 83匹の古代ヤギのゲノムデータを生成し分析した.
- ゲノム全体の配列を51の古代ヤギのサンプルで利用した.
- 古代のヤギのゲノムを比較して 集団構造と進化の歴史を理解しました
主要な成果:
- 羊の家畜化には 多種多様な古代の野生の羊が関与していたことが示された.
- 遺伝学的に地理的に異なる新石器時代の山羊集団を 生み出した分散した家畜化過程を特定した.
- アジア,アフリカ,ヨーロッパにおける現代のヤギの種へのこれらの初期の集団の差異的な貢献を示した.
- 肌の色素,身長,繁殖,乳の産生などの特性の早期人工選択を検出した.
結論:
- 羊の家畜化は 異なる野生の祖先を含む 複雑で多地域的なプロセスでした
- 初期の家畜の山羊集団は 重要な農業特性の遺伝子シグネチャーを示しています
- この研究は 重要な家畜の遺伝子に 人間の影響が8000年前の証拠を 提供しています
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