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関連する概念動画

States of Water01:23

States of Water

57.1K
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
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The Water Cycle01:00

The Water Cycle

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The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
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Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

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Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
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Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
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ポリアクリルアミド水素ゲルの水力学

Chang Yan1, Patrick L Kramer1, Rongfeng Yuan1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 10, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ポリメリック水素ゲルの分子動態は,散布水と比較して著しく遅い. この研究は,水とセレノシアネート (SeCN-) のダイナミクスが,高度なスペクトロスコーピーを用いてポリマー濃度によってどのように影響されるかを明らかにしています.

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Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification
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科学分野:

  • 物理化学
  • 材料科学
  • バイオ物理学

背景:

  • ポリマーヒドロゲルはコンタクトレンズから 薬物投与まで様々な用途に不可欠です
  • これらのネットワーク内の水と溶液の分子動態を理解することは,それらの特性を最適化するための鍵です.
  • 以前の研究では,水凝土マトリックス内の超高速ダイナミクスに関する詳細な洞察が欠けていました.

研究 の 目的:

  • ポリアクリラミド水素ゲル内の水とセレノシアネート (SeCN-) の超高速分子ダイナミクスを調査する.
  • ポリマーの濃度がこのダイナミクスをどのように影響するかを決定する.
  • 散布型とインターフェース特有の水動力学と溶液相互作用を区別する.

主な方法:

  • 超高速二次元赤外線 (2D IR) 振動エコースペクトル
  • ポラライゼーション選択式ポンププローブ (PSPP) スペクトロスコーピー
  • 水とSeCNのスペクトル拡散と方向転換のダイナミクスの分析.

主要な成果:

  • 水とSeCN-ダイナミクスは,大量水と比較してポリアクリルアミド水素で有意に遅い.
  • ポリマー濃度の上昇は 分子動態をさらに遅らせます
  • 水分子はアンサンブル減速を示し,SeCN-は2つの構成要素の動態を示し,散発型と吸収された集団を示しています.

結論:

  • ポリマーネットワークは 水と溶液の分子のダイナミクスを劇的に変化させます
  • 観察された減速は濃度に依存し,水とSeCN- に同様に影響する.
  • SeCN-ダイナミクスは,ヒドロゲル構造内の溶解と吸収に関連した異なる集団を明らかにします.