心血管疾患リスク評価における非伝統的な危険因子:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの最新証拠報告書と体系的レビュー
Jennifer S Lin1, Corinne V Evans1, Eric Johnson1
1Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon.
JAMA
|July 13, 2018
まとめ
ABI,hsCRP,CACのスコアのような非伝統的な危険因子は,心血管疾患のリスク評価を改善することができるが,患者の結果への影響を確認するにはより多くの臨床試験が必要である.
科学分野:
- 心臓病科
- 予防医学
- 医療診断
背景:
- 伝統的な心血管疾患 (CVD) リスク評価モデルは,非伝統的なリスク要因を組み込むことによって強化することができます.
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) は,潜在的な介入の利益と害について体系的な見直しを要求しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 心血管リスク評価において,足首-腕指数 (ABI),高感度C反応性タンパク質 (hsCRP) レベル,冠動脈カルシウム (CAC) スコアの使用の利益と害に関する証拠を体系的に検討する.
- これらの非伝統的なリスク要因がリスク評価のパフォーマンスに与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 2018年2月まで発表された研究について,MEDLINE,PubMed,およびコクラン・セントラル・レジスター・オブ・コントロールド・トライアルを体系的にレビューした.
- 含まれている研究は,既知のCVDのない無症状の成人に焦点を当てた.
- データの抽象化と批判的な評価は2人の審査員によって独立して行われました.
主要な成果:
- 267,244人の参加者を含む43の研究が含まれた. これらの要因によるリスク評価が患者の健康に及ぼす臨床的影響を評価した試験はありません.
- ABI,hsCRP,またはCACのスコアを追加することで,一貫性と規模が異なる差別と再分類が改善されました.
- CACスコアは差別と再分類で最大の改善を示したが,不適切なリスク再分類の可能性は指摘された. 害はCACスコアから少ない放射線被曝に限られていた.
結論:
- ABI,hsCRP,またはCACスコアがリスク評価と予防療法開始に与えるインクリメンタル効果を評価するための十分な臨床試験の証拠はありません.
- カリブレーション,差別,再分類などのリスク予測の改善の臨床的意義は不明である.
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