周辺動脈疾患と心臓血管疾患のスクリーニング 足首-腕指数によるリスク評価:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, Susan J Curry1, Alex H Krist2,3
1University of Iowa, Iowa City.
JAMA
|July 13, 2018
まとめ
無症状の成人の足首-腕指数 (ABI) を用いた外周動脈疾患 (PAD) のスクリーニングには十分な証拠がない. ABIによるPADおよび心血管疾患 (CVD) のスクリーニングの利益と害のバランスは現在未定です.
科学分野:
- 血管医学
- 予防的な心臓科
- 診断の精度に関する研究
背景:
- 外周動脈疾患 (PAD) は,全身性動脈硬化症の下肢症状であり,心血管疾患 (CVD) のリスクを高めます.
- PADは運動能力を低下させ, 切断などの重篤な合併症につながる可能性があります.
- PADとCVDのリスクのスクリーニングは早期介入に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- PADとCVDのリスクスクリーニングに関する2013年の米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) の勧告を,足首-腕指数 (ABI) を使用して更新する.
- 糖尿病を含む無症状の成人のABIスクリーニングの利点と害に関する証拠を評価する.
- 監督された運動や理学療法などの介入が PAD の結果に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 無症状の成人のPADおよびCVDリスクに対するABIスクリーニングに関する証拠の体系的なレビュー.
- 糖尿病患者と運動に基づく介入に関する研究を含む.
- スクリーニングの精度,治療の効果,および潜在的な害に関するデータの分析
主要な成果:
- PADまたはCVD治療から恩恵を受ける無症状の個人を特定するためのABIの正確性に関するデータは限られている.
- 研究では,ABIによるアスピリン療法や運動療法による有意な効果は示されなかった.
- 直接的にスクリーニングの害を扱った研究はありませんが,過剰診断とラベル付けの可能性はあります.
結論:
- 症状のない成人のPADとCVDリスクのスクリーニングの利益と害のバランスを決定するには,現在の証拠は不十分です.
- USPSTFは,証拠が不十分であると結論付けている (I声明).
- 心血管疾患の予防におけるABIスクリーニングの役割を明確にするためにさらなる研究が必要です.
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