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関連する概念動画

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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The half-life of a reaction (t1/2) is the time required for one-half of a given amount of reactant to be consumed. In each succeeding half-life, half of the remaining concentration of the reactant is consumed. For example, during the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, during the first half-life (from 0.00 hours to 6.00 hours), the concentration of H2O2 decreases from 1.000 M to 0.500 M. During the second half-life (from 6.00 hours to 12.00 hours), the concentration decreases from 0.500 M to...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Characteristics of Life01:23

Characteristics of Life

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Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the...
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The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

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Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Cell Based Assays of SINEUP Non-coding RNAs That Can Specifically Enhance mRNA Translation
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生命 の 物理 的 な コード を 翻訳 する

Benjamin D Knapp1, Kerwyn Casey Huang2

  • 1Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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|July 16, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

リボソームの濃度を制御することで 細胞環境への影響が明らかになりました この規則は粒子の拡散を制限し,真核細胞の相分離に影響する.

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • バイオ物理学

背景:

  • 細胞質は混雑した複雑な細胞環境です
  • 細胞機能には細胞質の物理的性質の調節が不可欠である.
  • これらの特性を制御する特定の構成要素の役割は,活発な研究分野です.

研究 の 目的:

  • リボソームの濃度が 細胞質の物理的性質に どのように影響するか調べる
  • mTORC1のシグナル伝達が細胞質の混雑と拡散を調節する役割を理解する.
  • ユカリオット細胞内の相分離に対するリボソーム濃度の影響を調べる.

主な方法:

  • リボソームの濃度を操作するために 遺伝的・生化学的アプローチを用いた.
  • 細胞プラズマ中の粒子の拡散を測定するために生体物理学技術を用いた.
  • 異なる細胞条件下での相分離現象を調査した.

主要な成果:

  • mTORC1によるリボソーム濃度の制御は,大きな細胞質粒子の拡散を制限することを示した.
  • リボソーム濃度が相分離の発生と特徴に直接影響することを示した.
  • リボソームの密度と 細胞質の全体的な物理的状態との関係を確立した.

結論:

  • リボソーム濃度は,細胞質の物理的性質の重要な決定因子である.
  • mTORC1のシグナル伝達は,細胞質の拡散と相分離を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • これらの発見は,真核細胞の組織と調節に関する新しい洞察を提供します.