遺伝子 に 編入 さ れ た 光 センサー は,ハエ,魚,ネズミ の ドーパミン を 素早く 特定 し て 検出 できる
Fangmiao Sun1, Jianzhi Zeng2, Miao Jing2
1State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China.
Cell
|July 16, 2018
まとめ
GRAB_DAと呼ばれる新しい遺伝子コードドーパミン (DA) センサーを開発し,リアルタイムでDAの変動を正確に測定しました. これらのセンサーは,複雑な行動中の動物におけるDA信号の詳細な観察を可能にします.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 分子生物学
- 生物化学
背景:
- ドーパミンは多くの生理学的および病理学的プロセスを調節する重要な神経伝達物質です.
- DAダイナミクスの正確な測定は,特に複雑な行動の間,高い空間時間的精度で,重要な課題です.
研究 の 目的:
- 細胞外ドーパミンをリアルタイムで高精度で測定するための新しい遺伝子コードセンサーを開発し,検証する.
- 自然主義的な行動における様々なモデル生物におけるドーパミンのシグナル伝達の研究を可能にする.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子コード化されたGPCR活性化ベースのDA (GRAB_DA) センサーの開発.
- センサ性能のインビトロ特性,親和性,運動性,特異性を含む.
- 電気生理学,光遺伝学,行動パラダイムを用いた脳断片,ハエ,魚,自由行動マウスの体内検証.
主要な成果:
- GRAB_DAセンサーは,サブセルラー解像度とサブ秒運動量で大きな光度増加 (ΔF/F0 ~ 90%) を示した.
- センサーは,ドーパミンに対する高親和度 (ナノモラーからサブミクロモラー) と優れた分子特異性を示した.
- 脳のスライスと行動する動物で単一の電気的刺激によって誘発された内生的なDA放出を成功裏に検出した.
結論:
- GRAB_DAセンサはドーパミンダイナミクスを 時空的に正確に測定するための強力なツールです
- これらのセンサーは 多様なモデル生物の複雑な行動における ドーパミンの役割の調査を容易にする.
- この開発は神経化学センサー技術の 重要な進歩を象徴しています
関連する概念動画
FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization
24.5K
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
24.5K
Osmoregulation in Fishes
53.1K
When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
53.1K
Encoding
867
Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
867
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
9.3K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
9.3K
Genetics of Speciation
21.7K
Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
21.7K
What is Population Genetics?
64.8K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
64.8K


