ウイルス性胃腸炎
Krisztián Bányai1, Mary K Estes2, Vito Martella3
1Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 21, 2018
まとめ
ロタウイルスワクチンは5歳未満の子供の胃腸炎の入院を大幅に減少させます. ノロウイルスの予防は衛生と環境の消毒に焦点を当てており,ワクチンはまだ開発中です.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学について
背景:
- 腸内ウイルス,特にロタウイルスとノロウイルスは,胃腸炎の主な原因です.
- ロタウイルスは幼い子供に不釣り合いな影響を及ぼし,特に発展途上国では大きな死亡率と入院率を引き起こします.
- ノロウイルスは,すべての年齢層で発生する食品感染症の主な原因です.
研究 の 目的:
- ロタウイルスワクチンの入院への影響を検討する.
- ノロウイルス感染症の現在の予防戦略について議論する.
- ノロウイルスワクチン開発とウイルス性胃腸炎の治療の現状を強調する.
主な方法:
- 各国のロタウイルスワクチン導入データ分析
- 既定のノロウイルス予防措置のレビュー
- ノロウイルスワクチンの進行中の臨床試験の要約
主要な成果:
- ロタウイルスワクチン接種は,ロタウイルスに関連した入院数が49%から89%まで減少し,すべての原因による胃腸炎の入院数が2年以内に17%から55%まで減少しました.
- 現在のノロウイルス対策は衛生と消毒に依存し,様々な株に対するワクチンの有効性は不明である.
- 流体と電解質の補充はウイルス性胃腸炎の主要な治療法です.
結論:
- ロタウイルスワクチンは,小児性胃腸炎の入院を減らすのに非常に有効です.
- 効果的なノロウイルスワクチンは必要であり,現在の予防戦略は維持されなければならない.
- 耐久性のあるノロウイルスワクチンと改善された胃腸炎管理のためのさらなる研究が必要です.
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