低・中所得の熱帯諸国における非伝染病対策

Majid Ezzati^1,2,3, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard^4,5, James E Bennett^4,5

¹Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. majid.ezzati@imperial.ac.uk.

Nature

|July 27, 2018

まとめ

非伝染病 (NCD) は,西欧諸国より熱帯諸国で多く死んでいます. NCDに対処するには,世界の健康格差を減らすために,複数のセクターにわたる包括的な行動が必要です.

科学分野:

世界保健
流行病学について
公衆衛生政策

背景:

伝統的に熱帯諸国は感染症と関連していますが西洋諸国は心臓病や癌などの非伝染性疾患 (NCD) に直面しています
この研究は,NCDの死亡率を様々な所得水準と地理的地域で調べることで,この二分論に挑戦しています.

研究の目的:

低所得・中所得の熱帯諸国と高所得の欧米諸国の NCD 負担を比較する.
熱帯地域の非伝播性疾患に寄与する多面的な原因を特定する
熱帯地域のNCDの予防と管理のための統合戦略を提案する.

主な方法:

国際的な死亡データ分析
異なる年齢層と国のNCD関連死亡率の比較
NCDに影響を与える社会経済的,環境的,医療的要因の特定

主要な成果:

非伝播性疾患は低所得や中所得の熱帯諸国では高所得の西欧諸国と比較してあらゆる年齢層で死亡率が高いのです
熱帯地域の非伝播性疾患の主な要因は,栄養不良,環境要因,感染症,不十分なタバコ/アルコール管理,および医療へのアクセス制限です.

結論:

非伝染病の負担は熱帯諸国において大きく増大する課題であり伝統的な疾病分類を超えています
健康,社会,経済,環境の介入を統合した多部門アプローチは,NCDの対策に不可欠です.
熱帯地域の非伝播性疾患に対処することは,世界の健康格差を減らすために不可欠です.

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