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Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces
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染色体融合によるカリオタイプ工学は,酵母における生殖分離につながります
Jingchuan Luo1,2, Xiaoji Sun1, Brendan P Cormack2
1Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|August 3, 2018
まとめ
芽生える酵母は,微小な欠陥を示す2つの染色体株で,重要な染色体減少を許容します. 染色体融合は生殖分離につながり,ゲノムの強さを示します.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- 分子生物学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 種は,結合や複製のようなゲノム史上の出来事により,類似したゲノムサイズであっても,異なる染色体数を示す.
- ヒトの染色体数は他の類人猿とは 融合現象により異なるため 染色体変化に対する耐性に関する疑問が生じます
研究 の 目的:
- 染色体数の重要な変化に対する酵母種の耐性を調査する.
- 染色体減少が酵母菌の成長,トランスクリプトミクス,そして生殖分離に与える影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- CRISPR-Cas9によるゲノム編集を用いて,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeの染色体を融合させた.
- 染色体数が徐々に減少する酵母菌株を 生み出しました (染色体数は16個から2個に減りました)
- 異なった染色体数を持つ菌株の交配におけるトランスクリプトミックの変化,成長欠陥,および胞子活性を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 2染色体の酵母菌株 (約. 6 メガベース) は控えめなトランスクリプトミックの変化と正常な成長を示した.
- 胞子生存能力は,染色体数が16個以下になり,12個の染色体では10%未満の生存率で著しく低下した.
- 8つ,4つまたは2つの染色体を持つ菌株間の同型交配は,8つの融合イベント後に生殖分離を示し,優れた分泌と生存能力を示した.
結論:
- 芽生えた酵母は染色体数の減少に対して 驚くべき耐性を示しています
- 染色体融合は酵母菌株間の生殖分離を確立するのに十分である.
- この研究は,ゲノム強度と染色体数の進化的柔軟性を理解するためのモデルを提供します.
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