まとめ
頻度の高い輸血は,ヒトT細胞リンパ性ウイルスIII型/リンパ腺病関連ウイルス (HTLV-III/LAV) 感染症のリスクを血液透析患者において引き起こします. しかし,このリスクは,より一般的に,偽陽性酵素免疫測定試験につながる可能性があります.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- ネフロロジーはネフロロジーを用います.
背景:
- ヘモダイアリス患者は脆弱な集団です.
- ヒトT細胞リンパ性ウイルスIII型/リンパ腺病関連ウイルス (HTLV-III/LAV) は,公衆衛生上の重大な懸念事項である.
- 輸血は,血液透析患者の間で一般的です.
研究 の 目的:
- ヘモダイアリス患者のHTLV-III/LAVの血清発生率を決定する.
- 透析センターにおけるHTLV-III/LAVの感染経路を調査する.
- 輸血に関連するHTLV-III/LAV感染のリスクを評価する.
主な方法:
- 酵素免疫測定法 (EIA) は,520人の血液透析患者のスクリーニング.
- 高反応性EIAの結果について,ウエスタン・ブロットとウイルス培養を用いた確認検査.
- 輸血やH9細胞系抗原への曝露を含む患者の病歴の分析.
主要な成果:
- 25人の患者 (4.8%) は,EIAによってHTLV-III/LAVに陽性であった.
- 4人の患者は,Western blot陽性と1人の陽性培養で,高いEIA反応性を示した.
- 21人の患者は,否定的な確認検査でEIA反応性が低く,19人はH9細胞系抗原に対する抗体を持っていた.
結論:
- HTLV-III/LAVは,研究された透析センター内では感染しませんでした.
- 頻度の高い輸血は,血液透析患者のHTLV-III/LAV感染のリスクを高めます.
- 輸血は,HTLV-III/LAV.に対する偽陽性EIA結果の発生率が高いことにもつながる可能性があります.
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