アルファキナーゼ1は,バクテリアのADP-ヘプトースに対する細胞内免疫受容体である
Nature
|August 17, 2018
まとめ
研究者らは,ADP-β-D-マノヘプトース (ADP-Hep) を,NF-κBシグナル伝達を活性化する細菌代謝物として特定した. この発見は,アルファキナーゼ1 (ALPK1) が細菌感染に対する宿主防御に不可欠なパターン認識受容体であることを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 病原体関連分子パターン (PAMPs) は,パターン認識受容体を通して宿主免疫反応を活性化させ,しばしばNF-κBシグナル伝達につながります.
- バクテリアの代謝物D-グリセロ-β-D-マノ-ヘプトーゼ (HBP) がNF-κBを活性化することが示唆されているが,PAMPおよびその受容体としての役割は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- NF-κBの活性化に責任のある特定のバクテリア代謝産物とその類似のパターン認識受容体を特定する.
- ADP-ヘプトースによる免疫活性化の分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosisにおけるトランポゾンとCRISPR- Cas9スクリーニング
- リガンド受容体結合測定を含む生化学的分析
- ALPK1-ADP-Hep複合体の結晶構造の決定
- 炎症反応を評価するためにマウスでのin vivo研究.
主要な成果:
- ADP-β-D-マノヘプトース (ADP-Hep) は,NF-κBとサイトカイン発現を活性化する細菌代謝物質として特定されました.
- ADP-Hepは,HBPではないが,宿主サイトゾールに入り,アルファキナーゼ1 (ALPK1) -TIFA (フォークヘッド関連ドメインを持つTRAF相互作用タンパク質) 軸経由でNF-κBを活性化する.
- ADP-HepはALPK1に直接結合し,TIFAのリン酸化と活性化を誘導する.
- 結晶構造はALPK1-ADP-Hepの認識の原子の詳細を明らかにした.
- ADP-Hepは感染または投与中にマウスのAlpk1-依存性炎症を引き起こした.
結論:
- ADP-β-D-マノヘプトーゼ (ADP-Hep) は新しいPAMPとして特定されています.
- アルファキナーゼ1 (ALPK1) は,ADP- Hepのパターン認識受容体として機能する.
- ALPK1-TIFA軸は,細菌のADP-Hepを感知し,炎症反応を開始するために重要です.
- ADP-Hepは免疫調節のための潜在的なターゲットです.
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