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Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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A cell's plasma membrane demarcates the cell's borders and determines the nature of its interaction with the environment. Cells exclude certain substances, take in others, and excrete some others in controlled quantities. The plasma membrane must be flexible to allow certain cells, such as red and white blood cells, to change their shape while passing through narrow capillaries. These are the more obvious plasma membrane functions. In addition, the plasma membrane's surface carries...
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
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脱塩用の3Dプリントされたポリアミド膜

Maqsud R Chowdhury1, James Steffes2, Bryan D Huey2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, CT 06269-3222, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 18, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

電気スプレーにより,ポリアミド膜の厚さと粗さを精密に制御できます. この新しい方法により,より薄く,より滑らかなフィルムが作られ,分離性能が向上します.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 化学工学
  • 膜技術

背景:

  • 薄膜複合膜の性能には,厚さや粗さなどのポリアミド膜の特性が不可欠である.
  • 既存の方法は,これらの重要なポリアミド膜の特性を正確かつ独立に制御するのに苦労しています.
  • ポリアミド膜の形状を高解像度で制御することは,分離技術の進歩に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ポリアミド薄膜の製造のための添加物電気スプレー方法の導入と評価.
  • ポリアミド膜の厚さと粗さに対する独立した制御を証明する.
  • 電気スプレーされたポリアミドフィルムの選択性を,従来の膜と比較して評価する.

主な方法:

  • 立体ポリメリゼーションのための基板に直接ポリアミドモノマーを埋めるために電気スプレーを使用した.
  • フィルム形成に影響を与えるために制御された電気スプレーのパラメータ (ドロップレットサイズ,モノマー濃度) を使用した.
  • ポリアミド膜の厚さ,粗さ,そして永久選択性を特徴付けている.

主要な成果:

  • 厚さが4ナノメートルまで制御できるポリアミドフィルムを形成する方法を開発した.
  • 2ナノメートルの表面の粗さを持つポリアミドフィルムを達成しました.
  • 電気スプレーされたフィルムは,商用逆オスモス膜に匹敵する良好なパーマセレクティビティを示した.

結論:

  • 電気スプレーによる添加法では,従来の方法と比較してポリアミド膜の特性に対する優れた制御が可能である.
  • この技術により,膜の性能を向上させるため,高度なポリアミド薄膜の製造が可能になります.
  • 電気スプレーは次世代の逆オスモス膜を開発するための有望な経路です.