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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.5K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.1K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
5.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
28.1K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.6K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Data Collection on Marine Litter Ingestion in Sea Turtles and Thresholds for Good Environmental Status
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トライアス紀 の 歯 の ない 尻尾 を 持つ 幹 カメ

Chun Li1,2, Nicholas C Fraser3, Olivier Rieppel4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. lichun@ivpp.ac.cn.

Nature
|August 24, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

中国で新たに発見された トライアスカメは 初期のカメの進化について 重要な洞察力を与えてくれます この化石は 歯のないくちばしと 頑丈な骨盤を特徴とし 亀の起源に関する以前の理論に 異議を唱えるものです

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Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
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Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays
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Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 6, 2026

Data Collection on Marine Litter Ingestion in Sea Turtles and Thresholds for Good Environmental Status
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Published on: May 18, 2019

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Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
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Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays
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科学分野:

  • 脊椎動物の古生物学
  • 進化生物学
  • 中生期の爬虫類

背景:

  • 進化の起源とカメの系統的配置は,古生物学において重要な議論となっている.
  • 最近の研究では,タートルズをダイアプシドとして提案しているが,このグループ内の彼らの特定の位置と重要な特性の獲得のタイムラインは異議を唱えている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 中国で発見された トライアス時代の新種の亀の化石についてです
  • 初期のカメの多様化を理解するための 原始的および高度な特徴のユニークな組み合わせの進化的意味を分析する.

主な方法:

  • 新しく発掘された亀の化石の記述と形態学的分析.
  • 既知の化石と現存する亀の骨格の特徴の比較分析.

主要な成果:

  • 歯のないくちばし (歯のないくちばし) と頑丈な骨盤を備えた,最も古くから知られている茎の亀の発見.
  • この標本には,複合的な進化の経路を示す,派生およびプレシオモルフィック (祖先) 特徴のモザイクが表示されます.

結論:

  • この新しい化石は 初期のカメの進化の 単純化モデルに 挑戦しています
  • 早期の多様化と 重要な解剖学的特徴の獲得により より複雑な歴史を強調しています