人間の呼吸器上皮原細胞におけるアレルギー性炎症記憶
Jose Ordovas-Montanes1,2,3,4,5,6, Daniel F Dwyer7,8, Sarah K Nyquist1,2,3,4,5,9,10
1Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nature
|August 24, 2018
まとめ
慢性鼻炎は 基礎幹細胞が変化したため表皮の多様性が低下します これらの細胞はアレルギーの記憶を保持し,持続的な呼吸道炎症と障壁機能障害に寄与します.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
- 呼吸器医学
背景:
- 慢性炎症性疾患の 中心にあるのは 障壁組織機能不全です
- 上部呼吸道保護は 基礎幹細胞と異なった 特殊な上皮細胞に依存しています
- アレルギー性炎症,特に2型免疫は,鼻炎から鼻のポリープに至る慢性鼻炎を誘発し,重度の疾患マーカーとして基礎細胞増殖を引き起こします.
研究 の 目的:
- 慢性鼻炎とバリア組織機能障害における 基礎原始細胞の役割を調査する.
- 2型炎症を中心にヒトの慢性鼻炎の細胞タイプとサブセットをプロファイルする.
- ポリプの形成と持続に伴う分子メカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- ヒトの外科的慢性鼻炎のサンプルから採取した18,036個の細胞を大量並列単細胞RNA配列化 (Seq-Well) した (n=12).
- 健康な細胞,炎症細胞,ポリプ細胞のシグネチャーを定義するために,鼻のスクラップ (n=9) から 18,704個の細胞を比較した分析.
- ex vivo 培養基細胞の機能分析と,IL-4受容体アルファサブユニット阻害の in vivo 試験.
主要な成果:
- 非ポリップとポリップの組織間の上皮部における有意な差異は,ポリップの細胞多様性の減少を明らかにします.
- ポリプは基礎細胞の増殖,腺細胞の減少,分泌細胞の抗菌表現の変化を示します.
- 細胞内在的,表遺伝的,外在的要因に関連したポリップにおける異常な基礎原始体の分化経路; 基礎細胞はIL-4/IL-13の暴露記憶を保持する.
結論:
- 基礎細胞の機能的シフトによって引き起こされる上皮の多様性の減少は,2型免疫媒介のバリア組織機能不全を特徴づける.
- 皮質幹細胞はアレルギーの記憶を蓄えることで 慢性鼻炎を永続化させる可能性があります
- IL-4受容体経路をターゲットにすることで, in vivoで呼吸道上皮細胞状態を修正する潜在的な治療戦略が提供されます.
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