パルキンとPINK1はSTING誘発の炎症を和らげる
Danielle A Sliter1, Jennifer Martinez2, Ling Hao1
1Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Nature
|August 24, 2018
まとめ
パーキンソン病の遺伝子であるPINK1とパーキンは 通常 損傷したミトコンドリアを浄化します ミトファギーは先天的な免疫を制御する役割を明らかにし,STINGを遮断することによって,炎症とニューロンの損失を引き起こす.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- パーキンソン病 (PD) は炎症を誘発するサイトカインの上昇と関連しているが,神経変性における炎症の役割は不明である.
- パーキン (PRKN) とPINK1の変異は早期発症のPDを引き起こし,損傷したミトコンドリアを除去する経路であるミトファジーに関与します.
- ミトファギーのインビボ機能と炎症との関連は,部分的にノックアウトマウスにおける関連する現象型の欠如のために,十分に理解されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 生まれつきの免疫と炎症の調節におけるPINK1とパーキンの役割を調査する.
- PINK1とパーキンによって媒介されるミトファギーは炎症反応を抑制するかどうかを判断する.
- 炎症,ミトファギーの欠陥,パーキンソン病のモデルにおける神経変性との関連を調査する.
主な方法:
- ミトコンドリアDNA変異を有するPrkn-/-;変異性マウスを含むPrkn-/-とPink1-/-マウスの生成と分析.
- 徹底的な運動とミトコンドリアDNA変異による炎症現象の誘導
- 炎症反応の評価と,STING (インターフェロン遺伝子の刺激剤) の遺伝子削除による救済.
- 高齢 Prkn-/-;変異マウスにおけるドーパミナージックニューロン喪失と運動欠陥の評価とSTING消去の効果.
主要な成果:
- Prkn-/ - とPink1-/ - のマウスは,過度の運動やミトコンドリアDNA変異に伴い,著しい炎症現象を発現する.
- 運動やミトコンドリアDNA損傷によって引き起こされた炎症は,STINGがないマウスでは完全に解消されます.
- STINGの喪失は,これらのPD関連フェノタイプにおける炎症の役割を示す,高齢のPrkn-/-;変異性マウスのドーパミナージックニューロン損失と運動欠陥を救います.
- PRKN変異を有するヒト患者では,サイトカインの上昇が観察されています.
結論:
- PINK1とパーキンは,ミトファジーを通して,先天的な免疫反応を抑制する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- STINGによって調節されるミトコンドリア機能障害とその後の炎症は,パーキンソン病のモデルにおける神経変異に寄与する.
- これらの発見は,ミトコンドリアの品質管理,炎症,パーキンソン病の病原性との間の重要なリンクを強調しています.
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