"世界の漁業の足跡を追跡する"に関するコメントへの回答
David A Kroodsma1, Juan Mayorga2,3, Timothy Hochberg4
1Global Fishing Watch, Washington, DC 20036, USA. david@globalfishingwatch.org.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 25, 2018
まとめ
船舶の追跡データは 人間の活動による海底生息地への影響を明らかにしています 分析のための適切なスケールは,調査されている特定の生態系の影響に依存します.
科学分野:
- 海洋生態学
- 海洋学
- 漁業科学
背景:
- 海底の生息地は 人為的な干渉に脆弱であり,特に海底トラール漁業です.
- 効果的な海洋空間計画と保全のために,人間の活動の空間的な範囲を理解することは極めて重要です.
- 以前の研究では トラール漁の影響を評価するために 異なる解像度を用いており 潜在的不一致が生じています
研究 の 目的:
- 海底生息地におけるトラールフットプリントを推定する上で,高解像度のデータと,より粗いグリッドデータの有効性を評価する.
- 船舶追跡データを用いて,人間の活動による生態系全体の影響を評価するための適切な分析スケールを決定する.
主な方法:
- トラール漁業の空間的足跡を推定するために船舶追跡データを利用しました.
- トラールフットプリントの高解像度とより粗いグリッドの分析を比較した.
- データの解像度と生態系レベルの影響を理解する能力との関係を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 高解像度データにより,海底生息地のトラールフットプリントを効果的に推定できます.
- トラール漁の生態系への影響の全般的な理解のために,より粗いグリッドが必要である.
- 分析の最適なスケールは文脈に依存し,研究されている特定の人間活動と影響によって異なります.
結論:
- 船舶の追跡データは,海洋生態系に対する人間の影響の規模について貴重な洞察を提供します.
- 適切なデータ解像度の選択は,生態学的影響を正確に評価するために非常に重要です.
- 将来の研究は,海洋環境における人間の活動を分析する際に,影響の規模依存性を考慮すべきである.
関連する概念動画
00:48Optimal Foraging
How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
01:43Sustainable Development
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
02:02Responses to Salt Stress
Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
02:51Multi-species Conserved Sequences
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
02:07FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...