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The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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THO複合体は,シナプスの発達とドーパミンニューロンの生存のためのトランスクリプトを調整する.

Celine I Maeder1, Jae-Ick Kim2, Xing Liang1

  • 1Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|August 28, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

THO核輸出複合体 (THOC) はシナプスタンパク質の合成とシナプスの発達を調節する. THOCを妨害すると,mRNAの輸出が妨げられ,C. elegansとマウスの神経欠陥とドーパミン機能の喪失が起こります.

キーワード:
CREBTHO複合体調整された遺伝子プログラムドーパミンニューロン神経変性核の輸出プレシナプス集合

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • シナプトゲネシスには,シナプス水泡と活性ゾーンタンパク質の調整された合成が必要です.
  • これらのタンパク質の合成を制御する 分子メカニズムは まだ十分に理解されていません

研究 の 目的:

  • プレシナプス発達の 分子調節体を特定する
  • ニューロンの機能と生存における核輸出の役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • C.エレガンスの遺伝子スクリーンを転送します.
  • THO核輸出複合体 (THOC) ミュータントの分析
  • CRE結合タンパク質 (CREB) とTHOCの相互作用を調査した.
  • ドーパミナージックニューロン機能障害の マウスモデルを使用した.

主要な成果:

  • THOC複合体は,C. elegansのドーパミナージックニューロンのプレシナプス発育に不可欠であることが判明した.
  • THOC変異体は,シナプスmRNAの核保持,シナプスタンパク質発現の減少,シナプス喪失を示す.
  • CREBはTHOCと相互作用し,シナプストランスクリプトの核輸出を容易にする.
  • マウスのドーパミナージックニューロンにおけるThoc5の消去は,シナプス維持欠陥,ニューロン死,運動欠陥を引き起こす.

結論:

  • 核の輸出メカニズムは,特定のmRNAの輸出と神経細胞のタンパク質合成を調節するために重要である.
  • THOCは,シナプスmRNAの輸出を制御することによって,神経細胞の分化と生存の速度制限因子として作用する.