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Synaptic Signaling01:12

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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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T細胞攻撃下のニューロンは,ファゴサイト媒介のシナプス剥離を調整する.

Giovanni Di Liberto1, Stanislav Pantelyushin1, Mario Kreutzfeldt1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Cell
|September 4, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

ニューロンは,STAT1シグナル伝達とCCL2発現を活性化することで,CD8+T細胞脳炎におけるシナプス喪失に積極的に寄与し,神経疾患を引き起こす. これらの経路は ラスミュッセン脳炎にも関係しています

キーワード:
ラスミュッセン脳炎細胞毒性T細胞神経炎症ファゴサイトシナプスの喪失

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科学分野:

  • 神経免疫学
  • 細胞神経科学

背景:

  • 中枢神経系 (CNS) の炎症は,しばしばマイクログリアとコンプリメントによるシナプス喪失を含む.
  • CD8+ T細胞による神経損傷におけるシナプス喪失のメカニズムは不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 脳の炎症中のCD8+T細胞媒介のシナプス喪失における神経信号の役割を調査する.
  • 異常なシナプス接続に 関わる分子経路を特定する

主な方法:

  • CD8+T細胞脳炎のマウスモデルにおけるニューロントランスラトームのプロファイリング.
  • 神経細胞におけるSTAT1シグナル伝達とCCL2発現の分析
  • ラスマッセン脳炎患者の脳組織を調べた

主要な成果:

  • ニューロンのSTAT1シグナル伝達とCCL2発現は,ファゴサイトの徴募,シナプス喪失,およびマウスの疾患進行において決定的であった.
  • STAT1のリン酸化とCCL2の発現は,ラズミュッセン脳炎患者の脳内のニューロン,CD8+T細胞,およびファゴサイトで観察されました.
  • ニューロンは,ファゴサイト媒介のシナプス喪失の調整に積極的な役割を果たします.

結論:

  • ニューロンのSTAT1とCCL2は,CD8+T細胞脳炎におけるファゴサイトによるシナプス喪失の主要な媒介体である.
  • これらの経路は,自己免疫性脳炎および関連する神経疾患の潜在的治療標的を表しています.