ブラックボディの限界を超えた遠波放射熱の百倍増強
Dakotah Thompson1, Linxiao Zhu1, Rohith Mittapally1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nature
|September 5, 2018
まとめ
研究者らはナノ構造を用いて遠方領域でブラックボディの限界を超えた放射熱伝導 (RHT) を実証した. エネルギー変換と天体物理学に 影響を与えるかもしれません
科学分野:
- 熱力学について
- ナノテクノロジー
- 光学について
背景:
- 放射線熱伝導 (RHT) は,様々なスケールでのエネルギー伝送に不可欠です.
- ブラックボディの限界は,最大遠場RHTを定量化し,熱物理学の基準です.
- 近場のブラックボディの限界を克服することが示されましたが,遠場の超越は難しかったです.
研究 の 目的:
- 遠くの領域でブラックボディの限界を超えた 放射熱の移転を実験的に実証する.
- 波長下の平面膜の間のRHTを調査する.
主な方法:
- 組み込みの温度計を搭載したカスタム・カロメトリックナノ構造物の製造
- ナノ構造体間の熱伝達率の実験的測定
- 変動電動学に基づく理論的計算と実験データを比較する.
主要な成果:
- ブラックボディの限度を超えた 放射熱伝導率を 遥かなる領域で達成した
- 波長下の平面膜の間のRHTが実証された.
- 観測された実験的な熱伝達速度は,理論的な予測と密接に一致しています.
結論:
- 遠波放射熱伝達のブラックボディの限界は 設計されたナノ構造を用いて 超えることができます
- この発見は遠隔地での熱伝達の操作に 新たな道を開きます
- 潜在的応用には エネルギー変換,大気科学,天体物理学の進歩が含まれます.
関連する概念動画
01:19Mechanism of heat transfer
2.0K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
2.0K
01:14Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I
6.2K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
6.2K
01:20Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II
4.5K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
4.5K
01:14Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
1.8K
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
1.8K
01:22Protein Folding
127.7K
Overview
127.7K
03:00Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding
19.8K
The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
The...
19.8K