脊椎動物の体軸の伸長には,液体から固体への詰め込みが根底にある
Alessandro Mongera1,2,3, Payam Rowghanian1,2, Hannah J Gustafson1,2,4
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Nature
|September 7, 2018
まとめ
脊椎動物の発達では 胚の組織は 液体状から固体状に変化し 身体軸の伸びと形質変異を導く 阻害的な変化が起こります
科学分野:
- バイオ物理学
- 発達生物学
- 柔らかい物質の物理
背景:
- 細胞集団は 流体のような行動と 固体のような行動の間を切り替えます
- これらの干渉現象は2Dと3Dの細胞培養で観察され,理論的に予測されます.
- 生体内における,特に胚の形態変異の過程における,その発生と機能的役割は,ほとんど未知のままである.
研究 の 目的:
- 脊椎動物の胚形変異の過程で, jamming transitions が in vivo に発生するかどうかを調査する.
- 体の軸の延長のようなプロセスにおけるこれらの移行の機能的役割を決定する.
- 発達中の組織行動の基礎となる物理的メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 組織メカニズムを直接 in vivo で測定する
- 脊椎動物の体軸の伸び時の細胞動態の分析
- N-カデリン依存性収量ストレスのグラデーションの定量化.
主要な成果:
- 脊椎動物の後部組織は,流体のような状態 (メソドーム原生領域) から固体のような状態 (プレソミトメソドーム) に行き詰まる.
- N-カデリン依存性収量ストレスの前後のグラデントは,組織の機械的整合性を高める.
- 細胞スケールの急速なストレス変動により,成長端の組織が"溶ける"一方で,持続的な細胞上のストレスが形態遺伝的流れを導く.
結論:
- 阻害変遷を介して流体状および固体状の組織状態の空間時間的制御は,胚の形態変異に不可欠である.
- この移行は,体軸の拡張中に組織の再構築と成熟のための機械的なサポートを提供します.
- ジャミング・トランジションは,胚の発達を制御する潜在的に一般的な物理的メカニズムを表しています.
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