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関連する概念動画

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles
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小さい,明るいリチウムベースのアップコンバーティングナノ粒子

Ting Cheng1, Riccardo Marin1, Artiom Skripka1

  • 1Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications , Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,生物医学的な用途のために,小さな明るいアップコンバーティングナノ粒子 (UCNP) を開発した. これらのナノ粒子は,近赤外線 (NIR) 光を紫外線 (UV) 光に効率的に変換し,光ダイナミック療法のような治療のためのより深い組織浸透を可能にします.

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科学分野:

  • ナノテクノロジー
  • 生物医学工学
  • 材料科学

背景:

  • 紫外線 (UV) は腫瘍治療に有効ですが,組織への浸透は限られています.
  • 近赤外線 (NIR) の光は組織に深く浸透しますが,光化学的プロセスにはエネルギーがありません.
  • アップコンバーティングナノ粒子 (UCNP) はNIRをUV光に変換しますが,効率のためにより大きなサイズが必要であり,細胞の吸収を妨げます.

研究 の 目的:

  • 小規模で高効率のUCNPを開発し, バイオメディカルアプリケーションに活用する.
  • UCNPのサイズとNIRからUVへのアップコンバージョンの効率の間のトレードオフを克服する.
  • 深層組織に光を媒介する治療に適したUCNPを作成します.

主な方法:

  • リガンド比 (オレアミン/オレイン酸) を制御することによって5nmUCNPを合成した.
  • オレイン酸で冷却することでUCNPを安定させ,10nm以下の結晶を生成する.
  • NIRからUVへのアップコンバージョンの効率を大幅に高めるため,UCNPコアに殻を育てました.

主要な成果:

  • 化学的に安定した,単分散の10nm以下のUCNPを達成した.
  • 殻の成長後のNIRからUVへのアップコンバージョンの改善が示されています.
  • LiYbF4:Tm3+/LiYF4のUCNPは,より大きなゴールドスタンダードUCNPを上回った.

結論:

  • この2段階の戦略により,生物医学的な用途に適した小さな明るいUCNPが得られます.
  • これらのUCNPは,深層組織浸透 (NIR) と効率的なUV放出を組み合わせています.
  • 開発されたUCNPは,光媒介による腫瘍治療の有意な可能性を示しています.