誘導された多能幹細胞からヒトオオゴニアの生成 in vitro

Chika Yamashiro^1,2, Kotaro Sasaki^1,2, Yukihiro Yabuta^1,2

¹Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 22, 2018

まとめ

人間の多能幹細胞 (hPSCs) は,現在,in vitroでオオゴニアのような細胞に微分化することができます. ヒトの体内ゲメトゲネシスへの重要な一歩です

科学分野:

生殖医学
発達生物学
幹細胞科学

背景:

人間の多能幹細胞 (hPSCs) を原始生殖細胞のような細胞 (hPGCLCs) に誘導することができる.
hPGCLCを成熟した生殖細胞にインビトロでさらに分化することは依然として課題です.
インビトロゲメトゲネシスの達成は生殖医学に変革をもたらす可能性があります

研究の目的:

hPGCLCが in vitro で成熟した生殖細胞に分化する可能性を調査する.
微分化されたhPGCLCのエピジェネティック再プログラムと生殖能力の評価.
ヒトのガメトゲネシスへの重要な一歩を踏み出すために

主な方法:

hPGCLCの長期間の in vitro 培養 (約. 4ヶ月) でした.
ネズミの胚性卵巣体細胞を用いた卵巣の異種再構成
DNAの脱メチル化とインプリントの消去を含むエピジェネティック再プログラミングの分析
X染色体の再活性化の評価

主要な成果:

hPGCLCは,再構成された異種卵巣でオオゴニアのような細胞に徐々に分化しました.
hPGCLC由来オオゴニアは,DNA脱メチル化とインプリント消去を含む,表層遺伝的再プログラミングの特徴を示した.
これらの細胞はメオティック再結合の先駆体となり,X染色体の部分的な再活性化が観察された.

結論:

ヒトの多能幹細胞は生殖能力を持っています
オオゴニアのような細胞に成功した分化はヒトの in vitro ゲメトゲネシスの重要な進歩を表しています
この研究は,生殖医学と不妊治療の将来の研究のための基盤を提供します.

さらに関連する動画

09:43

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Published on: April 23, 2014

24.1K

10:24

Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: October 5, 2011

22.0K

関連する概念動画

01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

28.1K

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...

28.1K

01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.6K

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...

5.6K

00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.5K

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

32.5K

00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

5.1K

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

5.1K

01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...

33.9K

01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

4.5K

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...