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関連する概念動画

Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Isolated Hepatic Perfusion as a Treatment for Liver Metastases of Uveal Melanoma
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メラノーマ

Dirk Schadendorf1, Alexander C J van Akkooi2, Carola Berking3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 22, 2018
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

先進的なメラノーマ治療は,標的治療と免疫療法によって著しく改善されました. これらの革新は 進行した皮膚性メラノーマの 長期的な制御と 治療の可能性に新たな希望をもたらします

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科学分野:

  • 腫瘍学
  • 皮膚科
  • 癌 研究

背景:

  • 皮膚メラノーマは 世界的に深刻な健康問題であり 毎年多くの死者を 引き起こしています
  • 先進的なメラノーマの治療法は 何十年もの間 限られていましたが 臨床試験は失敗しました
  • 最近の生物学的理解と 治療の進歩は 進行中のメラノーマ治療に革命をもたらしました

研究 の 目的:

  • 進行性皮膚メラノーマの治療における 変革の進展を振り返る
  • 新しい治療薬と戦略の効果を強調する

主な方法:

  • 先進的なメラノーマにおける最近の臨床試験と生物学的研究のレビュー
  • BRAF阻害剤とMEK阻害剤を含む標的治療法の分析
  • 免疫療法,特に抗PD-1抗体などのチェックポイント調節剤の評価

主要な成果:

  • 標的治療 (BRAF/ MEK阻害剤) は,BRAF V600変異を有する患者の応答率と全生存率を著しく改善しました.
  • チェックポイント阻害剤 (抗PD-1) は,局域疾患において臨床的成功を示し,再発のないおよび全生存期間を延長した.
  • 進行性メラノーマは 固体がんの新たな治療法開発のモデルとなる.

結論:

  • 先進的な治療法により 進行中のメラノーマは 改善された患者の状態に 変えられました
  • 標的治療薬と免疫療法は 長期にわたる腫瘍抑制と 治癒の可能性を示しています
  • 進行したメラノーマの研究は より広範な腫瘍学的な進歩に寄与しています