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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

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VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
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Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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What is Population Genetics?01:25

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Population Growth00:57

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Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
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Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling
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PCBの汚染による世界的な殺人鯨集団の崩壊を予測する

Jean-Pierre Desforges1, Ailsa Hall2, Bernie McConnell3

  • 1Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. jpd@bios.au.dk rdi@bios.au.dk ajh7@st-andrews.ac.uk.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 29, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

ポリ塩化ビフェニル (PCB) は 繁殖能力や免疫機能に 影響を及ぼし 世界の大鯨の半分以上を 脅かしています これらの持続的な汚染物質は,特に工業地帯の近くで,人口減少の大きなリスクをもたらします.

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科学分野:

  • 海洋哺乳類の毒理学
  • 環境汚染物質
  • 人口の生存可能性分析

背景:

  • 殺人鯨 (Orcinus orca) は,世界的に高レベルのポリ塩化ビフェニル (PCB) 汚染を示しています.
  • 持続性有機汚染物質が海洋哺乳類の健康に及ぼす影響について懸念がある.
  • PCBは内分泌系破壊物質と免疫毒物質として知られています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 現在のPCB被曝レベルの下でのオザラシの長期生存可能性を評価する.
  • PCBによる影響から最も危険にさらされている集団を特定する.
  • 海洋生態系に対するPCBの脅威を強調する

主な方法:

  • 個別ベースのモデルフレームワークを使用しました.
  • 捕鯨クジラの組織におけるPCB濃度に関する世界的に入手可能なデータを集めた.
  • 生殖と免疫機能に対するPCB媒介の効果をモデル化した.

主要な成果:

  • 全世界の殺人鯨の50%以上は 長期生存に 脅威にさらされています
  • 工業化地域付近の群れや 高濃度の群れは 崩壊の危険性が高い.
  • PCBの汚染は30年以上前に制定された世界的な禁止にもかかわらず,継続的な脅威となっています.

結論:

  • 現在のPCBの曝露は多くの殺人鯨の長期生存を脅かしている.
  • 持続的な化学汚染物質の影響を軽減するために緊急の保全戦略が必要である.
  • PCBの持続性は,レガシー汚染物質の継続的な監視と管理の必要性を強調しています.