人力資本の測定:1990年から2016年までの195か国・地域の体系的な分析
Stephen S Lim1, Rachel L Updike1, Alexander S Kaldjian1
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 30, 2018
まとめ
教育や医療を含む人材は 経済成長を大きく促します この研究は,投資を追跡し,世界中で生産性を高めるために不可欠な,期待される人材資本の新しいグローバルな尺度を導入します.
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 経済学
- 人口統計
背景:
- 人口教育と健康によって定義される人間資本は 経済成長の重要な決定因子です
- 世界銀行は,健康と教育への投資を導くために,人間資本の測定を提唱しています.
- この研究は,新しい,包括的なグローバル人材の指標を提示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界195カ国の 人力資本の新たな包括的な指標を策定し提示する.
- 教育,学習,健康に調整された期間の特定の人的資本の見積もりを提供すること.
- 1990年から2016年までの世界規模の人材形成の変動と動向を分析する.
主な方法:
- 教育,学習の質,機能的健康に調整された期間の期待される人材 (20~64歳) を測定した.
- 教育レベルに関する2522の国勢調査と1894の学習に関するテストのデータを活用した.
- 疾病,怪我,およびリスクファクターの総合調査2016 (GBD 2016) の健康状態と死亡率に関するデータ.
主要な成果:
- 2016年,フィンランドの予想人材は最高 (28.4年),ニジェールの予想人材は最低 (<1.6年) でした.
- 20歳を超えた国は44カ国,10歳未満は68カ国です.
- 人力資本の改善は,より速い経済成長と相関しており,上位四分の一の改善国は,GDPの平均成長率2.60%を記録した.
結論:
- 各国は人材開発の割合が異なる.
- 人力資本の生産を監視することで,健康と教育への投資の説明責任が強化されます.
- この新しい措置は,進歩を追跡し,人材への世界的な投資を促すのに役立ちます.
関連する概念動画
Random and Systematic Errors
15.1K
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
15.1K
Systematic Sampling Method
13.3K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...
13.3K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error
1.5K
The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this...
1.5K
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors
11.0K
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
11.0K
Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations
1.5K
Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
1.5K
Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision
101.8K
Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.
101.8K


