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関連する概念動画

Quantifying Work02:30

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As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body Temperature01:07

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
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Quantifying Heat02:46

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
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熱プラズモンのナノ構造物の表面温度を定量化する

Shu Hu1, Bi-Ju Liu1, Jia-Min Feng1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 4, 2018
PubMed
まとめ

この研究では,精密な熱プラズマナノ構造の温度測定のための新しい表面強化ラーマンスペクトル法が導入されています. この技術は,光熱療法および細胞温度測定におけるアプリケーションのための正確な表面温度監視を可能にします.

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科学分野:

  • ナノテクノロジー
  • スペクトロスコーピー
  • バイオ物理学

背景:

  • 熱プラズマナノ構造の正確な表面温度測定は,光熱療法などの応用に不可欠です.
  • 現存する方法は,これらのナノ構造の直接的な表面温度定量化能力に欠けている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 表面強化ラーマン光譜を用いてプラズモンのナノ構造物の表面温度を測定するための新しい方法を開発する.
  • 方法の精度を検証し,単細胞温度測定に適用する.

主な方法:

  • ナノ構造に吸収されたフェニルイソシアン化物のストレッチ振動における温度依存のシフトを利用する.
  • 表面強化ラーマンスペクトル検査 (SERS) を使って温度を感知する.
  • 金ナノ粒子の表面からレーザー誘導によるCOの脱吸収をモニターすることによって,この方法を検証する.

主要な成果:

  • フェニルイソシアニドの伸縮振動 (0. 232 cm−1/ °C) の温度に依存する敏感なシフトが観察され,分子指向の変化に関連した.
  • SERSベースの方法は,プラズモンの刺激中に金ナノ粒子の表面温度を正確に測定した.
  • このテクニックは,単細胞の細胞外温度分布と細胞内温度変化をモニタリングするために成功裏に適用されました.

結論:

  • 表面強化ラーマン光譜は,精密な熱プラズマナノ構造の表面温度測定のための強力で新しいアプローチを提供します.
  • この方法は高い空間解像度を提供し,細胞温度計の高度な応用と生物学的システムにおける熱効果の理解を可能にします.