アスガルド古生物のゲノムは,アクチンを調節するプロフィルをコードする
Caner Akıl1,2, Robert C Robinson3,4,5
1Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.
Nature
|October 5, 2018
まとめ
アスガルドの古生物は,プロフィリンタンパク質によって示される機能的なアクチン細胞骨格を持っています. この発見は ユカリオット細胞の初期の進化と 複雑な細胞機構の洞察を 提供しています
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学
- 進化生物学
- 微生物学
背景:
- ユカリオット細胞の起源は 重要な科学的な問題である.
- メタゲノミクスはアルカイアとユカリオットの間の関連性を示唆し,アスガルドのアルカイアはユカリオット遺伝子の同類を示している.
- これらの考古学的同類体の機能的関連性は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- アスガルドの古生物のプロフィンの存在と機能を調べる
- アスガルドのアーカイアに 制御されたアクチン細胞骨格があるかどうか
- アクチン細胞骨組みの進化史を理解する
主な方法:
- アスガルド古生物のプロフィリンタンパク質の生化学分析 (ロキ,オディン,ハイムダール).
- 哺乳類とウサギのアクチンとの相互作用研究
- 古代プロフィリンとフォスフォリピドの存在下でのアクチンポリメリゼーションと核化試験.
主要な成果:
- アスガルドの古生物は アクチンと相互作用する 機能的なプロフィルをコードする
- これらのアーカイアルプロフィルはアクチンポリメリゼーションと核化を調節し,原始的なアクチンシステムを示唆しています.
- アスガルドプロフィンはポリプロリンモチーフと相互作用しないので,この相互作用は後になってエウカリオットに進化したことを示している.
結論:
- アスガルドの古生物は,主たる真核生物の特徴であるアクチン細胞骨格を調節している.
- この発見は,アルカイア内の真核細胞起源の仮説を支持する.
- 古代のアクチン系は膜関連で原始的であり,複雑なエウカリオスの細胞骨格機能に先行する可能性がある.
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